L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism.

Synonyms: (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride; LC-80

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Quality Control of L-Carnitine HCl Purity: 97% SDS Specification

COA

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NMR

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CNMR

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Product Details of L-Carnitine HCl

CAS No. :	6645-46-1
Formula :	C₇H₁₆ClNO₃
M.W :	197.66
SMILES Code :	C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O.[Cl-]
Synonyms :	(R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride; LC-80
MDL No. :	MFCD00066100
InChI Key :	JXXCENBLGFBQJM-FYZOBXCZSA-N
Pubchem ID :	656657

Safety of L-Carnitine HCl

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Application In Synthesis of L-Carnitine HCl

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

Upstream synthesis route of [ 6645-46-1 ]
Downstream synthetic route of [ 6645-46-1 ]

[ 6645-46-1 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream 1~8

1
[ 541-15-1 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Patent: WO2017/195031, 2017, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 12; 13.

2
[ 10488-69-4 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Patent: WO2007/139238, 2007, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 9-10.

3
[ 2788-28-5 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Chinese Chemical Letters, 2011, vol. 22, # 7, p. 765 - 767.
[2] Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1969, vol. 47, p. 1177 - 1187.

4
[ 107799-28-0 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1987, vol. 52, # 11, p. 2311 - 2314.

5
[ 86728-99-6 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1983, vol. 105, # 18, p. 5925 - 5926.

6
[ 111006-14-5 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988, vol. 53, # 1, p. 104 - 107.

7
[ 10488-69-4 ]
[ 124-40-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Tetrahedron, 1985, vol. 41, # 23, p. 5607 - 5614.

8
[ 18933-33-0 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1] Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1969, vol. 47, p. 1177 - 1187.

[ 6645-46-1 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream 1~35

1
[ 2788-28-5 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Chinese Chemical Letters,2011,vol. 22,p. 765 - 767.
[2]Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1969,vol. 47,p. 1177 - 1187.

2
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 541-88-8 ]
(R)-(-)-Chloracetylcarnitin [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Journal of medicinal chemistry,1971,vol. 14,p. 1142 - 1142.

3
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 107-07-3 ]
(-)-Carnitin-(2-chlor-aethylester)-chlorid [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1969,vol. 47,p. 1177 - 1187.

4
[ 107799-28-0 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,1987,vol. 52,p. 2311 - 2314.

5
[ 10488-69-4 ]
[ 124-40-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Tetrahedron,1985,vol. 41,p. 5607 - 5614.

6
(3-Carboxy-2-oxo-propyl)-trimethyl-ammonium; chloride [ No CAS ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 10017-44-4 ]

References: [1]Tetrahedron Asymmetry,1994,vol. 5,p. 675 - 690.

7
[ 111006-14-5 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,1988,vol. 53,p. 104 - 107.

8
[ 86728-99-6 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Journal of the American Chemical Society,1983,vol. 105,p. 5925 - 5926.

9
[ 10488-69-4 ]
[ 75-50-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
		Example 5: Preparation of acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride (7s); [60] 37 mL (0.156 mole) of an aqueous 30wt/% trimethylamine solution was placed in10 g (0.06 mole) of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate, and the mixture was heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 to 90 0C for 3 hours. The conversion (%) of the substrate was confirmed by gas chromatography. After the reaction was complete, excessive trimethylamine was removed by distillation under reduced pressure. 70 mL of 10 % HCl was added to the resulting concentrated solution which was then heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 to 90 0C for 2 hours, concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure, and recrystallized from small amounts of anhydrous ethanol <n="11"/>and acetone to afford L-carnitine hydrochloride. The optical purity of the product was measured using a polarimeter. The specific rotation of L-carnitine hydrochloride is as follows: [61] [alpha]25 = -22 (C=l, H O)

References: [1]Patent: WO2007/139238,2007,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 9-10.

10
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 64-19-7 ]
[ 75-36-5 ]
[ 5080-50-2 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	at 20℃; for 0.666667h;	The thus-obtained <strong>[6645-46-1]L-<strong>[6645-46-1]carnitine hydrochloride</strong></strong> was dissolved in 20 mL of acetic acid, and 9 mL of acetyl chloride was slowly added dropwise thereto. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 40 min. 100 mL of ether was added to the reaction solution which was then stirred to obtain solids. The solids were recrystallized from small amounts of ethanol and acetone to give 4.5 g of acetyl <strong>[6645-46-1]L-<strong>[6645-46-1]carnitine hydrochloride</strong></strong> having a high optical purity. The optical purity of the product was confirmed using a polarimeter. The specific rotation of acetyl <strong>[6645-46-1]L-<strong>[6645-46-1]carnitine hydrochloride</strong></strong> is as follows:[64] Specific rotation [alpha]25 = -28 (C=I, H O)

References: [1]Patent: WO2007/139238,2007,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 10.

11
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 3040-38-8 ]

References: [1]Chemistry - A European Journal,1996,vol. 2,p. 826 - 831.

12
[ 6645-46-1 ]
(R)-carnitine mesylate mesylate [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Chemistry - A European Journal,1996,vol. 2,p. 826 - 831.

13
[ 6645-46-1 ]
(R)-acetylthiocarnitine [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Chemistry - A European Journal,1996,vol. 2,p. 826 - 831.

14
[ 6645-46-1 ]
Trimethyl-((S)-4-oxo-oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-ammonium; chloride [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Chemistry - A European Journal,1996,vol. 2,p. 826 - 831.

15
[ 6645-46-1 ]
((R)-3-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-methanesulfonyloxy-propyl)-trimethyl-ammonium; perchlorate [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Chemistry - A European Journal,1996,vol. 2,p. 826 - 831.

16
[ 18933-33-0 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]

References: [1]Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1969,vol. 47,p. 1177 - 1187.

17
[ 6645-46-1 ]
(-)-Carnitylcholindiiodid [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1969,vol. 47,p. 1177 - 1187.

18
[ 907625-06-3 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 1018986-22-5 ]

References: [1]Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry,2008,vol. 16,p. 1444 - 1451.

19
[ 1018986-25-8 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 1018986-23-6 ]

References: [1]Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry,2008,vol. 16,p. 1444 - 1451.

20
[ 112-77-6 ]
[ 6645-46-1 ]
[ 1173658-31-5 ]