Structure of Ribavirin
CAS No.: 36791-04-5
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Ribavirin blocks nucleic acid synthesis and inhibits both RNA and DNA viruses. Ribavirin is a nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent.
Synonyms: Ribasphere; NSC 163039; Ribavirin, Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, ICN-1229
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Kupke, Paul ; Adenugba, Akinbami ; Schemmerer, Mathias ; Bitterer, Florian ; Schlitt, Hans J. ; Geissler, Edward K. , et al.
Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis globally. Chronic and fulminant courses are observed especially in immunocompromised transplant recipients since administration of ribavirin (RBV) does not always lead to a sustained virol. response. By in vitro stimulation of NK cells through hepatoma cell lines inoculated with a full-length HEV and treatment with RBV, we analyzed the viral replication and cell response to further elucidate the mechanism of action of RBV on immune cells, especially NK cells, in the context of HEV infection. Co-culture of HEV-infected hepatoma cells with PBMCs and treatment with RBV both resulted in a decrease in viral replication, which in combination showed an additive effect. An anal. of NK cell functions after stimulation revealed evidence of reduced cytotoxicity by decreased TRAIL and CD107a degranulation. Simultaneously, IFN-γ production was significantly increased through the IL-12R pathway. Although there was no direct effect on the IL-12R subunits, downstream events starting with TYK-2 and subsequently pSTAT4 were upregulated. In conclusion, we showed that RBV has an immunomodulatory effect on the IL-12R pathway of NK cells via TYK-2. This subsequently leads to an enhanced IFN-γ response and thus, to an additive antiviral effect in the context of an in vitro HEV infection.
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Keywords: ribavirin ; hepatitis E virus ; transplantation ; immunosuppression ; NK cells
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Purchased from AmBeed: 36791-04-5 ; 1190307-88-0
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CAS No. : | 36791-04-5 |
Formula : | C8H12N4O5 |
M.W : | 244.20 |
SMILES Code : | [C@@H]2([N]1N=C(C(N)=O)N=C1)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@H]2O)O |
Synonyms : |
Ribasphere; NSC 163039; Ribavirin, Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, ICN-1229
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00058564 |
InChI Key : | IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 37542 |
GHS Pictogram: | ![]() ![]() |
Signal Word: | Danger |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H341-H360 |
Precautionary Statements: | P201-P202-P280-P312-P405-P501 |
In Vitro:
Cell Line
| Concentration | Treated Time | Description | References |
Vero E6 cells | 50.30 ± 24.01 µM | 48 hours | To measure the inhibitory effect of Ribavirin on SARS-CoV-2 replication, showing IC50 of 50.30 ± 24.01 μM | PMC9872624 |
Vero E6 cells | >500 µM | 72 hours | To measure the cytotoxicity of Ribavirin on Vero E6 cells, showing CC50 >500 μM | PMC9872624 |
PLC/PRF/5 cells | 40 µM | 96 hours | To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ribavirin monotherapy on HEV growth, results showed that ribavirin monotherapy initially inhibited HEV growth, but the HEV RNA levels gradually increased over time. | PMC9697947 |
Clinical Trial:
NCT Number | Conditions | Phases | Recruitment | Completion Date | Locations |
NCT00216268 | Japanese Encephalitis | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | 2025-05-08 | King George Medical University... More >>, Lucknow, UP, 226003, India Less << |
NCT02483260 | Viral Hemorrhagic Fever | UNKNOWN | 2025-12-22 | Landstuhl Regional Medical Cen... More >>ter, Landstuhl, APO Ae, 09180, Germany Less << | |
NCT00002298 | HIV Infections | TERMINATED | - | - | |
NCT01056757 | Metastatic Breast Cancer | PHASE1|PHASE2 | TERMINATED | 2025-11-10 | Jewish General Hospital, Montr... More >>eal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada Less << |
NCT00001015 | HIV Infections | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 1990-06-01 | Univ of California / San Diego... More >> Treatment Ctr, San Diego, California, 921036325, United States|San Francisco AIDS Clinic / San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, California, 941102859, United States|Harvard (Massachusetts Gen Hosp), Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States|Bellevue Hosp / New York Univ Med Ctr, New York, New York, 10016, United States|Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 275997215, United States Less << |
NCT00000733 | HIV Infections | PHASE1 | COMPLETED | 1991-10-01 | Charity Hosp / Tulane Univ Med... More >> School, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States|Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States Less << |
NCT03585725 | Follicular Lymphoma|Mantle Cel... More >>l Lymphoma Less << | EARLY_PHASE1 | TERMINATED | 2020-07-22 | Weill Cornell Medicine, New Yo... More >>rk, New York, 10065, United States Less << |
NCT03889106 | Lassa Fever | TERMINATED | 2020-10-01 | Kenema Government Hospital, Ke... More >>nema, Sierra Leone Less << | |
NCT01309490 | Malignant Solid Tumour | PHASE1|PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | 2025-06-14 | Jewish General Hospital, Montr... More >>eal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada Less << |
NCT00623168 | Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal S... More >>yndrome Less << | PHASE2 | UNKNOWN | 2025-12-21 | Brian Allgood Army Community H... More >>ospital (121st Combat Support), Seoul, Korea, Republic of Less << |
NCT00001729 | Chronic Hepatitis C|Fibrosis|H... More >>emolytic Anemia Less << | PHASE3 | COMPLETED | 2025-09-02 | National Institute of Diabetes... More >> and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less << |
NCT00001854 | Chronic Hepatitis C | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 2008-01-15 | National Institutes of Health ... More >>Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less << |
NCT00484328 | Hepatitis C | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | 2025-12-12 | University of Maastricht, Maas... More >>tricht, 6229 ER, Netherlands Less << |
NCT02558114 | Hepatitis E | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | 2025-11-18 | Hospital Universitari vall d'H... More >>ebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain Less << |
NCT02308241 | Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Rel... More >>ated Malignancies|Recurrent/Metastatic (R/M) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Malignancies Less << | COMPLETED | 2022-03-25 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cance... More >>r Center at Basking Ridge, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, 07939, United States|Memorial Sloan Kettering Monmouth, Middletown, New Jersey, 07748, United States|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center @ Suffolk, Commack, New York, 11725, United States|Memorial Sloan Kettering Westchester, Harrison, New York, 10604, United States|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, United States|Memorial Sloan Kettering at Mercy Medical Center, Rockville Centre, New York, United States Less << | |
NCT00001123 | Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome | COMPLETED | 2025-11-05 | NIAID/DMID/CASG Central Unit, ... More >>Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States Less << |
Bio Calculators | ||||
Preparing Stock Solutions | ![]() | 1mg | 5mg | 10mg |
1 mM 5 mM 10 mM | 4.10mL 0.82mL 0.41mL | 20.48mL 4.10mL 2.05mL | 40.95mL 8.19mL 4.10mL |
Tags: Ribavirin | Ribasphere | HCV | RSV | Orthopoxvirus | Antibiotic | Hepatitis C virus | Respiratory syncytial virus | variola | HIV-1 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 | respiratory syncytial virus | RSV | RNA synthesis inhibitor | 36791-04-5
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