FBPase is a type of enzyme that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of diphosphate molecules (such as ADP or GDP) into monophosphate (such as AMP or GMP) and inorganic phosphate. The family comprises diverse members, including subtypes with different substrate specificities, which typically contain specific active sites and multiple functional domains in their structures. These enzymes localize throughout the cell, such as the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and cell membrane, participating in crucial biological processes such as energy metabolism, signal transduction, and cell proliferation. The activity and expression of pyrophosphatases are finely regulated, and gene-specific expression and mutations are closely associated with imbalances in energy metabolism, abnormal cell growth, and certain genetic diseases, making them important subjects of biological and medical research.