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CAS No. : | 18733-98-7 | MDL No. : | MFCD30543388 |
Formula : | C24H16Br4Si | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | VHVUXJWGYUSRIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 652.09 | Pubchem ID : | 12729346 |
Synonyms : |
|
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: carbon dioxide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
With n-butyllithium; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine 1.) hexane, 0 deg C 2.) THF; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -50 - -10℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether; hexane at -10 - 25℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
90% | With n-butyllithium; tetrachlorosilane In hexane | Tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane (16b) Tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane (16b) was synthesized as described in [25] using 36.18 g (0.1563 mol) of p-dibromobenzene, 60 mL (0.15 mol) of 2.5 M n-BuLi in hexane, and 4,32 mL (0.0376 mol) of trichloro( methyl)silane. Yield 22.5 g (90%), purity 97% (GPC). The product was used in further synthesis without additional purification. 1H NMR spectrum (CDCl3), δ, ppm (J, Hz): 7.36 m (8H, J = 8.5), 7.54 m (8H, J = 8.5). |
85% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -10℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane at -10 - 25℃; for 12.5h; |
82.3% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; Schlenk technique; | |
78.9% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; Schlenk technique; | |
75% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 0℃; for 1.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether; hexane for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With water; acetic acid In diethyl ether; hexane for 0.5h; | |
74.3% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 13h; Inert atmosphere; | 1 4.00 g of 1,4-dibromobenzene was dissolved in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran under the protection of nitrogen, cooled to -78°C, and 7.41 mL of 2.4 M n-butyllithium was slowly added to the solution through a syringe. Reaction 1 hour. 0.65 g of silicon tetrachloride was then dissolved in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen and added dropwise to the reaction solution. After 1 hour of low temperature reaction,The temperature was gradually raised to room temperature. After reacting for 12 hours, 5 mL of water was added to the reaction solution, and the solvent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. MixtureThe organic layer was washed three times with 50 mL of water in 80 mL of dichloromethane. Then, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered to obtain a filtrate.The filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the resulting crude product was subjected to column chromatography using petroleum ether as an eluent to obtain 1.84 g of a white solid 1 which was four pairs of bromophenylsilane in a yield of 74.3%. |
69% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -70℃; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In hexane Stage #3: In hexane Acidic conditions; | |
67% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether at -78.16℃; for 2h; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether at 20℃; for 10h; | |
62% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With magnesium In tetrahydrofuran at 20 - 65℃; Stage #2: With tetraethoxy orthosilicate In tetrahydrofuran for 20h; Heating; | |
61% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether at -20℃; for 3.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether Inert atmosphere; | |
58% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Cooling; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether; hexane at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Cooling; | |
54.1% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -15℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether; hexane at -15 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
52.6% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In hexanes; diethyl ether at -78℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In hexanes; diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; | |
17% | Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether at -10℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; | Tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)silane (2) Tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)silane (2) n-BuLi (89 ml, 0.22 mol, 2.5M) was added dropwise to a solution of 1,4-dibromobenzene (50 g, 0.21 mol) in anhydrous diethyl ether (500 ml) at -78° C. under nitrogen. After stirring for 30 min, the reaction mixture was warmed to -10° C. and SiCl4 (9.0 g, 0.05 mol) was added dropwise. After a further 15 min, the reaction mixture was quenched with HCl (250 ml, 1.5M) and ethyl acetate (500 ml) was added. The organic phase was separated, washed with NaCl (750 ml), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude oil was purified by column chromatography (silca-gel 230-400 mesh, hexane) and recrystalization (EtOAc) to give silane (2) as a while solid (24 g, 17% yield). 1H-NMR 400 MHz, CDCl3: δ 7.36 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 8H), 7.56 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 8H). 13C NMR 75 MHz, CDCl3: 125.38, 131.37, 131.41, 137.54. |
With n-butyllithium; tetrachlorosilane 1.) ether, hexane, 30 min, 20 deg C 2.) hexane; Yield given. Multistep reaction; | ||
Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In hexane Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane Further stages.; | ||
Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether at -10℃; for 4h; Stage #2: With trichlorosilane at -10 - 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With palladium diacetate; tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With palladium diacetate; tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 72h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; Stage #2: Triisopropyl borate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 25℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran for 4h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
18% | With caesium carbonate; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene for 48h; Heating; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
25% | With potassium phosphate at 230℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: 25 percent / potassium phosphate / cupric sulfate hydrate / 48 h / 230 °C 2.1: nBuLi / hexane; diethyl ether / 1 h / 20 °C 2.2: 70 percent / hexane; diethyl ether / 20 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; Stage #2: With Triisopropyl borate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane Stage #3: With sulfuric acid In tetrahydrofuran; hexane | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / -78 °C 1.2: tetrahydrofuran; hexane / -78 - 25 °C 2.1: 0.860 g / 1 M aq. NaOH | ||
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With Triisopropyl borate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 25℃; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 1.) n-BuLi, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamin / 1.) hexane, 0 deg C 2.) THF 2: 80 percent |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71 mg | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; for 2.5h; Stage #2: diethylchlorophosphine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Stage #2: di(tert-butyl)chlorophosphine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Stage #2: chlorodicyclopentylphosphine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: chloro-diphenylphosphine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | |
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Stage #2: chloro-diphenylphosphine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Stage #2: chlorodicyclohexylphosphane In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: p-Br-C6H4-X, X = I or X = Br With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at -15℃; Stage #2: With tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84% | With n-butyl lithium In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: LiBr; (BrC6H4)4C in THF was stirred at -78°C under N2, treated dropwisewith BuLi in hexane, the mixt. was kept at -78°C for 30 min, B(O C3H7)3 was added dropwsie, stirred at -78°C for 20 min, at 25°C for 1 h, aq. HCl was added; concd., treated with aq. 1M NaOH, filtered, acidified with aq. HCl, ppt.was filtered, dried in air; elem. anal.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
366 mg | With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 65℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
347 mg | With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 65℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
480 mg | With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 65℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -10.16℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With tetraethoxy orthosilicate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane Further stages.; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
10.5% | With potassium carbonate; copper(II) sulfate at 180℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | |
With potassium carbonate; copper(II) sulfate at 180℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | Synthesis of imidazole functional silanes (1a-i) General procedure: (Imidazole functionalized silanes were synthesized as our previous report [44]. The typical synthetic procedure is mentioned below. Bromophenylsilane (1 equiv), imidazole (1.2 equiv calculated as molar percent of bromophenyl), K2CO3 (2 equiv calculated as molar percent of bromophenyl) and CuSO4 (0.01 equiv calculated as molar percent of bromophenyl) were mixed and heated at 180 °C for 24 h in a Teflon autoclave under argon. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was dissolved in CH2Cl2/H2O (1:1) mixture. The water layer was separated and extracted with CH2Cl2 three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure and the pure products were obtained by column chromatography (CH2Cl2/MeOH as eluent). The characterization of imidazole functional silanes, including bis(4-(imidazol-1- yl)phenyl)dimethylsilane (1a), tri(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylsilane (1b), bis(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (1c), tri(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)phenylsilane (1d) and [tri(4-(imidazol- 1-yl)phenyl)] (4-bromophenyl)silane (1e) were shown in our previous report [44] |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66.7% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With tert.-butyl lithium In tetrahydrofuran; pentane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: chlorodiisopropylsilane In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
45% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran for 24h; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran / 24 h / Reflux 2: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran / 24 h / Reflux |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane; water for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 48 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 2.1: boron tribromide / dichloromethane 2.2: 0.5 h |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 48 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 2.1: boron tribromide / dichloromethane 2.2: 0.5 h 3.1: triethylamine / acetone / 2 h / -10 - 10 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: tetrachlorosilane In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | Synthesis of (4-bromophenyl)silane (4a-f) and (3-bromophenyl)silane (5a-c) General procedure: (4-Bromophenyl)silane (4a-f) and (3-bromophenyl)silane (5a-c) were synthesized as our previous reports [44]. The typical synthetic procedure for the bromophenylsilanes is mentioned below. 1,4-Dibromobenzene or 1,3-dibromobenzene (1 equiv) was dissolved in dry Et2O and cooled to 78 °C under argon. n-BuLi (1.05 equiv) was added into this solution dropwise and stirred for another 1 h at 78 °C. Chlorosilane (chlorotrimethylsilane: 1 equiv; dichlorodimethylsilane or dichlorodiphenylsilane: 0.5 equiv; trichloromethylsilane or trichlorophenylsilane: 0.33 equiv; tetrachlorosilane: 0.25 equiv) was then added dropwise at this temperature. After the end of the addition, the reaction mixture was slowly raised to room temperature and stirred overnight. Then the reaction was quenched by H2O and the organic layer was separated. The water layer was washed twice by Et2O. The organic layers were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and then filtered. Removal of the solvents under vacuum gave the crude product and the pure products were obtained by column chromatography or recrystallization. The physical and spectroscopic data of 4aef were shown in our previous report [44]. | |
Stage #1: 1.4-dibromobenzene With n-butyllithium Stage #2: tetrachlorosilane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68.7% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In ethanol; toluene for 12h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | Synthesis of bis (4-cyandiphenyl) dimethylsilane (1) General procedure: Synthesis of bis (4-cyandiphenyl) dimethylsilane (1) Bis(4-bromophenyl)dimethylsilane (98 mg, 0.15 mmol), 4-cyanphenylboronic acid (155 mg, 0.9 mmol), K2CO3 (248 mg, 1.8 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mg, 0.004 mmol) in 30 mL of degassed toluene/ethanol (10/1) were mixed and refluxed for 12 h under Ar, then filtrated. The dark filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude products were purified by column chromatography (silica gel) from n-hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent to give the product as a white solid in 95.5% yield (0.045 g). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride In dimethyl sulfoxide | ||
With dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II)*CH2Cl2; potassium acetate In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
43.3% | Stage #1: C24H32O2S3Sn; tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 90℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
35% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate; Trimethylacetic acid In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 105 - 110℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With copper(l) iodide; diisopropylamine; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0); tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 72h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); triphenylphosphine; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 100℃; for 24h; | III.2 Synthesis of 1-10 Sub 1(3) in a round bottom flask (13.0g, 20mmol), Sub 2 (9) (50.3g, 80mmol), Pd2(dba) 3 (3.6g, 4mmol), PPh3 (2.0g, 8mmol), NaOt- after addition of Bu (22.0g,240mmol), each of the toluene (840mL), stirred and refluxed for 24 hours at 100 ° C.The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, and extracted with water and ether andrecrystallized silicagel column and the resulting organics concentrated and then 11.4g ofwater to the final crisp 1-10 (yield: 20%) was obtained. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); sodium t-butanolate; tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In toluene at 90℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | A solution of tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)-silane (2) (25 g, 0.04 mol), bis-4-(4’-n-octyl)biphenylamine (5) (93.3 g, 0.17 mol), tl3uONa (21.9 g, 0.23 mol) in toluene (2.25 L) was degassed by purging with nitrogen for 30 mi Pd2 (dba)3 (1.8 g, 0.002 mol) and Bu3PHBF; (0.8 g, 0.003 mol) were added and the reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. 16 h. The resulting dark mixture was filtered through celite and washed with methyl tbutyl ether (2 L). The filtrate was washed with water (2 L), NaC1 (2 L), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (silca 230-400 mesh, 1% EtOAc:hexane) and recrystalization (EtOAc, 850 ml) togive (le) as a white solid (38 g, 40% yield). 1H NMR 400 MHz, CDC13: ö 0.89 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 24H), 1.25-1.45 (m, 80H), 1.62-1.68 (m, 16H), 2.64 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 16H), 7.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 8H), 7.21-7.25 (m, 32H), 7.49-7.53 (m, 40H).13C NMR 100 MHz, CDC13: 14.10, 22.67, 29.27,29.39, 29.49, 31.48, 31.89, 35.61, 122.23, 125.02, 126.55,127.71, 128.80, 135.96, 137.32, 137.92, 141.73, 146.37,148.681 HRMS: 2511M HPLC: 99.71%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
31% | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane In toluene Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
35% | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane In toluene Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
29% | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane In toluene Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane; potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide / toluene / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 2: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tris-(o-tolyl)phosphine; potassium carbonate / toluene; water; methanol / 6 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 80 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 80 °C 3: lithium tert-butoxide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / 1,4-dioxane / 0.5 h / 101 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 80 °C 3: lithium tert-butoxide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / 1,4-dioxane / 0.5 h / 101 °C 4: hydrogenchloride / water; acetone / 56 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps 1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 80 °C 3: lithium tert-butoxide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / 1,4-dioxane / 0.5 h / 101 °C 4: hydrogenchloride / water; acetone / 56 °C 5: potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 65 °C |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; Stage #2: N,N-dimethyl-formamide Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In water |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72.6% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tri-tert-butyl phosphine; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | |
70.4% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tri-tert-butyl phosphine; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 1 Add 0.5 g of white solid 1,1.26 g of 4,4 -dimethoxydiphenylamine, 22 mg of Pd2(dba)3 and 0.44 g of sodium t-butoxide to a 50 mL reaction flask. Nitrogen three times, then add 10 mL of anhydrous oxygen-free toluene and 46 μl of 1 M tri-tert-butylphosphine toluene solution.Stir at 110 °C for 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature.Toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, the remaining mixture was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane, and the organic layer was washed three times with 50 mL of water.Then, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered to obtain a filtrate.The filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the resulting crude product was subjected to column chromatography with a volume ratio of petroleum ether to dichloromethane of 3:1 as eluent to obtain 0.675 g of a white solid A with a yield of 70.4%. |
3 g | With palladium diacetate; sodium t-butanolate; tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In toluene Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 1 Example 1 Synthesis of DPA-TPS, C80H72N4O8Si, MW 1245.54. A first tetrahedral hole transport material was prepared using the three-step synthesis described herein. A flask was charged with 3.0 g tetrakis(4-bromophenyl) silane, 5.5 g, 4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 0,084 g palladium acetate, then 0.130 g tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluorborate and flushed thoroughly with nitrogen. The flask was then charged with 60 mL toluene and degassed. 2.7 g sodium tert-butoxide was then added to yield a dark purple mixture, which was refluxed overnight. Once the reaction was complete, it was cooled to near RT, 100 mL of water was added and the mixture was transferred to a separation funnel. 100 mL of toluene and 100 mL water was added to the funnel and mixed. The layers were then allowed to separate. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with toluene. The combined organics were dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered over silica gel. The flask and silica gel were rinsed with toluene and the filtrates were rotovapped to get approximately 5 g of faint brown solids. Methanol was added and the solids were slurried in a 40° C. bath for 30 minutes, then cooled to RT, filtered, and rinsed with methanol. The resulting solids were dried via suction to obtain 3 g of off-white solids. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70.2% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In water; toluene at 100℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | |
70.4% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); potassium carbonate In toluene at 100℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 2 Place 0.5 g of white solid 1, 1.6 g of white solid 4,27 mg of Pd(PPh3)4 was added to a 100 mL reaction vial.Nitrogen was suctioned three times and then 30 mL of anhydrous oxygen-free toluene and 10 mL of oxygen-free 2M K2CO3 solution were added and stirred at 100°C for 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature and toluene is distilled off under reduced pressure.The remaining mixture was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane,Wash the organic layer three times with 50 mL of water. Then, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered to obtain a filtrate, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure.The resulting crude product was subjected to column chromatography with a volume ratio of petroleum ether to dichloromethane of 3:1 as eluent to give 0.675 g of a white solid B with a yield of 70.4%. |
8.5 g | With dicyclohexyl-(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)-phosphane; potassium phosphate; palladium diacetate In water; toluene Reflux; | 2 Example 2 Synthesis of TPA-TPS, C104H88N4O8Si, MW 1549.92. A second tetrahedral hole transport material was prepared using the three-step synthesis described herein. A flask was charged with 7.0 potassium phosphate and 10 mL water, 100 mL toluene was added and the mixture degassed. The flask was then charged with 2.6 g tetrakis(4-bromophenyl) silane, 8.6 g, (4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl)-di-(4-methoxyhenyl)amine, 0.07 g palladium acetate, then 0.26 g 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl, and an orange solution formed. The mixture was heated to reflux and refluxed overnight. Once the reaction was complete, it was cooled to near RT, 100 mL of water was added, the mixture was stirred for approximately 10 minutes, and transferred to a separation funnel. 100 mL of toluene and 100 mL water was added to the funnel and mixed. The layers were then allowed to separate. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with toluene. The combined organics were dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered over silica gel. The flask and silica gel were rinsed with toluene and the filtrates were rotovapped to get approximately 7.9 g of foamy yellow solids. The solids were dissolved in 25 mL tetrahydrofuran then poured slowly into a beaker of stirring methanol. The mixture was stirred 10 minutes, then pale yellow solids were filtered off and rinsed with methanol. The resulting solids were dried via suction to obtain 8.5 g of off-white solids and NMR was done for confirmation. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: diisopropylamine; tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate; bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride; copper(l) iodide / tetrahydrofuran / 72 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: potassium carbonate; methanol / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With copper(l) iodide; bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) dichloride; diisopropylamine; tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 72h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71.9% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tri-tert-butyl phosphine; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 3 0.5 g of white solid 1, 0.685 g of 4,4 -dimethyldiphenylamine, 22 mg of Pd2(dba)3 and 0.44 g of sodium t-butoxide were added to a 50-mL reaction flask, which was purged with nitrogen. Three times, then add 10 mL anhydrous oxygen-free toluene and 46 microliters of 1 M tri-tert-butylphosphine toluene solution.Stir at 110 °C for 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature.Toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, the remaining mixture was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane, and the organic layer was washed three times with 50 mL of water.Then, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered to obtain a filtrate.The filtrate was spin-dried under reduced pressure, and the resulting crude product was subjected to column chromatography using a volume ratio of petroleum ether to dichloromethane of 10:1 as an eluent to obtain 0.620 g of a white solid C with a yield of 71.9%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68.9% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tri-tert-butyl phosphine; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 4 0.5 g of white solid 1, 0.91 g of 4,4 -dimethylthiodianiline, 22 mg of Pd2(dba)3, and 0.44 g of t-butoxide were added to a 50-mL reaction vial and pumped. Nitrogen three times, then add 10 mL of anhydrous oxygen-free toluene and 46 μl of 1 M tri-tert-butylphosphine toluene solution.Stir at 110 °C for 48 hours. After the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature.Toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, the remaining mixture was dissolved in 80 mL of dichloromethane, and the organic layer was washed three times with 50 mL of water. The organic layer was then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered to give a filtrate. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was subjected to column chromatography using petroleum ether and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 3:1 as an eluent to obtain 0.730 g. White solid D,The yield is 68.9%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate In ethanol; water; toluene for 24h; Reflux; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 12h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | Stage #1: tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - -70℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: N,N-dimethyl-formamide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 4-[Tris(4-bromophenyl)silyl]benzaldehyde (17b) 4-[Tris(4-bromophenyl)silyl]benzaldehyde (17b) was synthesized as described above for compound 14a using 11,6 g (17.8 mmol) of 16b, 11,68 mL (18.7 mmol ) o f 1 . 6 M n-BuLi, and 2.07 mL (35.6 mmol) of DMF. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using toluene as eluent. Yield 7.8 g (73%). 1H NMR spectrum (CDCl3), δ, ppm (J, Hz): 7.36 m (6H, J = 8.2), 7.56 m (6H, J =8.5), 7.68 m (2H, J = 8.2), 7,89 m (2H, J = 8.2), 10.07 s (1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran; hexane / 1 h / -78 - -70 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 12 h / Reflux; Dean-Stark |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene In 1,4-dioxane Inert atmosphere; Reflux; |
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