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CAS No. : | 147201-04-5 | MDL No. : | MFCD00080299 |
Formula : | C50H68N7O9PSi | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | PGJKESPHANLWME-FTZVBZPOSA-N |
M.W : | 970.18 | Pubchem ID : | 135587729 |
Synonyms : |
|
Chemical Name : | (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-((Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(2-isobutyramido-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N2-isobutyryl guanosine 3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) (60) Compound 60 was obtained as white foam via the standard phosphytilation procedure (as described for compound 9 in example 1) using 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite (2.5 eq), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4 eq) and 1-methylimidazole (0.5 eq). Yield 86%. | |
86% | 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N2-isobutyryl Guanosine 3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite) (60) Compound 60 was obtained as white foam via the standard phosphytilation procedure (as described for compound 9 in example 1) using 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite (2.5 eq), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4 eq) and 1-methylimidazole (0.5 eq). Yield 86%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Synthesis of Selected Phosphorothioate Dinucleotides (FIGS. 5 and 6); The appropriate cytidine nucleoside (10 mumol) having a 5'-hydroxy function group protected with a dimethoxytriryl (DMT) group and N4 protected with a benzoyl group was derivatised on the control pore glass. The reaction mixture was then treated with 3% dichloroacetic acid to remove the DMT protecting group at 5'-position. The 5'-OH group on solid support was reacted with the appropriately protected Guanosine 3'-O-phosphoramidite 2 with 5'-O-DMTr moiety in presence of tetrazole as a coupling agent. The resulting dinucleotide containing trivalent phosphorus linkage was oxidized with Beaucage reagent to give the dinucleotide 3 with pentavalent phosphorothioate linkage. The 5'-O-DMTr protection of this dinucleotide was removed by mild acid treatment and then further coupled with a commercially available terminal phosphorylating reagent 4. The resulted dinucleotide was then deprotected and cleaved from solid support using aqueous ammonium hydroxide and further purified by HPLC using a reverse phase column providing the desired dinucleotide products 5 and 6. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
C. Preparation of 8a and 8b on a 3 mmol Scale; 1. One-Flask Synthesis of 5b and 5c; a. Preparation of a dry solution of 1 in CH3CN. One portion of guanosine phosphoramidite, 1 (3.78 g, 3.9 mmol, 1.3 equiv), was dried three times by concentration from 20 mL portions of CH3CN, the last time leaving 12 mL. Six 3 molecular sieves were added. b. Hydrolysis, beta-elimination, and detritylation. To a second portion of 1 (2.91 g, 3.0 mmol) dissolved in CH3CN (15 mL) and H2O (0.108 mL, 6 mmol, 2 equiv) was added pyridinium trifluoroacetate (0.695 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.2 equiv). After 1 min a 15 mL portion of t-BuNH2 was added. After 10 min the mixture was concentrated to a foam, the residue was dissolved in a 30 mL portion of CH3CN, and concentrated again to a foam. This addition of CH3CN and concentration was repeated one more time. To the residue dissolved in a 36 mL portion of CH2Cl2 was added H2O (0.54 mL, 30 mmol, 10 equiv), followed by a 36 mL portion of 6% dichloroacetic acid in CH2Cl2 (26.2 mmol). After 10 min the reaction was quenched by addition of pyridine (4.2 mL, 52 mmol, 2 equiv rel to DCA). The mixture was then concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in a 20 mL portion of dry CH3CN and concentrated again. This process was repeated two more times, the last time leaving 8 mL. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Synthesis of the [RP] monothiophosphate (c-GpGps) (5a); 2-N-Isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-guanosinylyl (3'?5')-2-N-isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-3'-O-(H-phosphonate)-guanosine, sodium salt (3a). To a mixture of phosphoramidite 1 (1.45 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and H-phosphonate 2a (0.61 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in 20 mL CH3CN at room temperature was added pyridinium trifluoroacetate (0.58 g, 3 mmol, 2 eq to 1). The mixture was stirred for 30 min, followed by addition of anhydrous tert-butylhydroperoxide (0.87 mL, 6.25 mmol) in decane. After 30 min, the mixture was poured into aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were then concentrated and purified to >80% purity by silica gel chromatography. The product fractions were concentrated to dryness, the residue dissolved in CH2Cl2 and treated with NaHSO4/SiO2(0.91 g), and the product isolated as described above for 2a to give 0.64 g crude 3a as a mixture of two unresolved diastereomers. The 3a mixture was confirmed by LC-MS in negative mode, with m/z (M-1) 1113.0 (calcd for C43H68N11O16P2Si2-: 1112.4). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
2-N-Isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-P-thioguanosinylyl (3'?5')-2-N-isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-3'-O-(H-phosphonate)-guanosine, sodium salt (3b). To a mixture of phosphoramidite 1 (1.45 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.7 eq) and H-phosphonate 2a (0.54 g, 0.90 mmol) dissolved in 20 mL CH3CN at room temperature was added pyridinium trifluoroacetate (0.58 g, 3.0 mmol, 2 eq to 1). After 30 min, elemental sulfur (0.16 g, 5.0 mmol) dissolved in 30 mL 1:1 pyridine:CH2Cl2 was added, and the mixture was stirred for 40 min. The mixture was then concentrated, evaporated with toluene three times and CH3CN three times, filtered to remove excess solid sulfur, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified to >80% purity by silica gel chromatography. The product fractions were concentrated to dryness, the residue dissolved in CH2Cl2 and treated with NaHSO4/SiO2(0.91 g) as described above for 2a to give 0.72 g of crude 3b as a mixture of two partially resolved diastereomers. The 3b mixture was confirmed by LC-MS in negative mode, with m/z (M-1) 1128.9 (calcd for C43H68N11O15P2SSi2-: 1128.4). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
2-N-Isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-P-thioguanosinylyl (3'?5')-2-N-isobutyryl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-3'-O-(H-thiophosphonate)-guanosine, sodium salt 3c. To a mixture of phosphoramidite 1 (5.81 g, 6.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) and H-thiophosphonate 2b (2.52 g, 4.0 mmol) dissolved in 40 mL CH3CN was added pyridinium trifluoroacetate (2.31 g, 12 mmol, 2 eq to 1). The mixture was stirred for 30 min, followed by addition of elemental sulfur (0.384 g, 12 mmol) dissolved in 30 mL 1:1 pyridine:CH2Cl2. After 40 min, the mixture was concentrated and evaporated with toluene three times and CH3CN three times, filtered to remove excess sulfur, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified to >80% purity by silica gel chromatography. The product fractions were concentrated to dryness, the residue dissolved in CH2Cl2 and treated with NaHSO4/SiO2(2.73 g) as described above for 2a to give 2.33 g of crude 3c as a partially resolved mixture of diastereomers. The 3c mixture was confirmed by LC-MS in negative mode, with m/z (M-1) of 1144.8 (calcd for C43H68N11O14P2S2Si2-: 1144.3). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
The RNA oligonucleotides were prepared by the conventional phosphoamidite method on CPG supports (50mumol/g) using an Applied Biosystems DNA/RNA synthesizer (Model 394). A double coupling protocol and elongated de-blocking times were applied for the coupling of last cycle, and benzylthiotetrazole (BTT) was used as activator. After automated synthesis, RNAs were cleaved from the solid support by soaking in concentrated aqueous ammonia/ethanol solution (3:1) for 15 h at 55 ºC. The aqueous ammonia was removed in a SpeedVac. The silyl protecting groups were removed using a 1 M solution of TBAF in THF (16 h, room temperature) and desalting was performed on an oligonucleotide purification cartridge. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
To a solution of compound 38 (1.1 g, 1.13 mmole, 1 eq, ChemGenes) in MeCN (5.8 mL) was added water (0.040 mL) followed by pyridinium trifluoroacetate (0.26 g, 1.36 mmole, 1.2 eq). The reaction was stirred for 5 min and tert-Butyl amine (5.75 mL, 54.7 mmole, 48 eq) was added. After 10 min of stirring the reaction was concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 39 used in the next step. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88.52% | To a solution of compound 1 (20 g, 20.61 mmol, 1 eq) in CH3CN (100 mL) and H20 (742.77 mg, 41.23 mmol, 742.77 uL, 2 eq) was added pyridine;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (5.97 g, 30.92 mmol, 1.5 eq). After 10 min, tert-butylamine (69.60 g, 951.64 mmol, 100.00 mL, 46.16 eq) was added. 10 min later the mixture was concentrated to a foam, the residue was dissolved in CH3CN (100 mL), and concentrated again to a foam. To the residue dissolved in DCM (100 mL) was added H20 (3.71 g, 206.15 mmol, 3.71 mL, 10 eq), followed by dichloroacetic acid (21.26 g, 164.92 mmol, 13.54 mL, 8 eq) in DCM (100 mL). The mixture was stirred at 20C for 10 min. TLC indicated compound 1 was consumed completely and many new spots formed. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition pyridine 10 mL at 10C, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (ISCO; 80 g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0-50% Methanol: Ethyl acetate ether gradient 100 mL/min) to afford Compound 2 (9.7 g, 18.25 mmol, 88.52% yield) as a white solid. NMR: 400 MHz DMSO (0688) delta = 8.26 (s, 1H), 5.98 - 5.91 (m, 1H), 5.48 (br s, 1H), 4.62 - 4.53 (m, 2H), 4.12 (br s, 1H), 3.68 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 2.78 - 2.68 (m, 1H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.67 (s, 9H), -0.08 (s, 3H), -0.24 (s, 3H) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With pyridine; In acetonitrile; for 0.0333333h; | To the above solution of 2b was added the dried solution of 1b using a syringe with a bent needle (to access as much of the solution as possible). After 2 min, anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide 5.5Min decane (1.1mL, 6 mmol,3 equiv) was added. After 30 min, the solution was cooled in an ice bath, and 0.50 g of NaHSO3 dissolved in 1 mL H2O was added. The ice bath was immediately removed, the mixture was stirred for 5 min, and then concentrated to a small volume. The residual oil was dissolved in 32 mL of CH2Cl2, followed by addition of H2O (0.36 mL, 20 mmol, 10 equiv) and then 32 mL of 6% DCA (23 mmol) in CH2Cl2. After 10 min, the reaction was quenched with 20 mL of pyridine. The mixture was concentrated to a small volume, 60 mL more pyridine was added, and the solution was concentrated again, leaving 3b in40 mL. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Intermediate 15E (ARKPHARMINC, WO 02/18405 A2, 0.34 g, 0.35 mmol) was co-evaporated with dry acetonitrile several times and then dissolved in dry DCM (25 mL). Under anhydrous conditions, resin 15D (0.175 mmol) was swollen with dry acetonitrile (6 mL) twice under nitrogen. To the resin was added a solution of 1H- tetrazole (1.05 mmol) in anhydrous CLbCN (3 mL) and then the above solution of (1230) Intermediate 15E was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The resin was washed with dry DCM (3x) under nitrogen, suspended in dry DCM (10 mL), and DDTT (0.52 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at RT for 40 min. The resin was then washed with DCM (2x), CH3CN (2x), DCM (3x) and Et^O (2x) and then dried under vacuum. The resin was then treated with a 1 : 1 AC2O/DIEA mixture (20 eq.) in DCM for 20 min, then washed with DCM (3x) and CH3CN (3x) and then treated with 3% 2,2-dichloroacetic acid in DCM (3x, each 10 min) to remove the DMTr group. The resin was then washed with DCM, DMF, DCM, CH3CN (3x each) and then dried under vacuum. The resin was then treated with a 0.1 M solution of MSNT (2 x 4 h, 1 x 12 h). The resin was then washed with DCM, pyridine, DCM, CH3CN (2x each) and then treated with TEA/pyridine (1 : 1) (3x for 1 h). Finally, the resin was washed with DCM, DMF, DCM, ACN (3x each) and then dried. |
Precautionary Statements-General | |
Code | Phrase |
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P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
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Code | Phrase |
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P211 | Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. |
P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles |
P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
P230 | Keep wetted |
P231 | Handle under inert gas. |
P232 | Protect from moisture. |
P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
P234 | Keep only in original container. |
P235 | Keep cool |
P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment. |
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P263 | Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. |
P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. |
P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
P281 | Use personal protective equipment as required. |
P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
P283 | Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing. |
P284 | Wear respiratory protection. |
P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
P231 + P232 | Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture. |
P235 + P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response | |
Code | Phrase |
P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
P304 | IF INHALED: |
P305 | IF IN EYES: |
P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
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P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
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P302 + P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P321 | |
P322 | |
P330 | Rinse mouth. |
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P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
P334 | Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages. |
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P336 | Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. |
P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P341 | If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P351 | Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
P352 | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
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P360 | Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P361 | Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
P370 | In case of fire: |
P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P307 + P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
P370 + P380 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. |
P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
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P402 | Store in a dry place. |
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P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
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P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
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P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
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P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
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