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CAS No. : | 1078-71-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00009545 |
Formula : | C13H20 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 176.30 | Pubchem ID : | 14115 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 13 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.54 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 6 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 0.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 60.25 |
TPSA : | 0.0 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -3.56 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 3.21 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 5.37 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 4.2 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 5.32 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 4.42 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 4.5 |
Lipinski : | 1.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 3.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -4.26 |
Solubility : | 0.00965 mg/ml ; 0.0000547 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -5.12 |
Solubility : | 0.00133 mg/ml ; 0.00000752 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -5.21 |
Solubility : | 0.00109 mg/ml ; 0.00000617 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.34 |
Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 9 |
Precautionary Statements: | P201-P264-P280-P301+P330+P331-P312 | UN#: | 3082 |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H361-H372-H410 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | With Aluminum Chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; | |
With carbon disulfide; aluminium chloride anhydrous |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium ethanolate; hydrazine hydrate at 180℃; | ||
With palladium on activated charcoal; ethanol Hydrogenolyse; | ||
With hydrogenchloride; amalgamated zinc |
With hydrogen; nickel at 300℃; | ||
With potassium hydroxide; hydrazine | ||
With potassium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate; diethylene glycol at 100℃; for 1h; | ||
Stage #1: Heptanophenone With 1,3-propanedithiol copolymer; boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In chloroform at 0℃; for 10h; Stage #2: With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); tri-n-butyl-tin hydride In toluene at 105℃; for 2.5h; | ||
With hydrazine | ||
With hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 24h; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With 10% Pt/activated carbon; isopropyl alcohol In water at 100℃; for 3h; Sealed tube; | |
96% | With 10% Rh/C; hydrogen In water at 80℃; for 3h; | |
96.2% | With hydrogen In water at 80℃; for 3.5h; Autoclave; |
90% | With nickel(II) oxide; hydrogen; palladium In hexane at 140℃; for 24h; | |
67% | With diethyl ether for 24h; Milling; | |
With acetic acid; platinum Hydrogenation; | ||
With hydrogen In water at 60℃; for 3h; | ||
With hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; for 6h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sulfuric acid; sulfur trioxide | ||
With sulfuric acid at 55℃; for 2h; Yield given; | ||
With chlorosulfonic acid In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With diethyl ether | ||
100 %Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at 20℃; for 0.75h; | 2.3 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; | |
With aluminium trichloride; Petroleum ether at 20℃; | ||
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 2h; Ambient temperature; |
With aluminium trichloride at -20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79.3% | Stage #1: oxalyl dichloride With aluminum (III) chloride In dichloromethane for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: heptylbenzene In dichloromethane at 20 - 25℃; for 1h; | |
With aluminium trichloride In Trichloroethylene for 0.5h; Ambient temperature; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | With chloro-trimethyl-silane; benzoic acid; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 20h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 80% 2: 0.14% 3: 20% | With hydrogen In cyclohexane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 52% 2: 24% | With sodium tetrahydroborate; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran; methanol at 0℃; for 0.25h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | With aluminium trichloride In pentane at 20℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With CuBr*Me2S-LiBr; lithium thiophenoxide; magnesium 1) THF, reflux; 2) THF, HMPA, rt, 24 h; further reagents and conditions; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With 2,2-dimethyl-propanol-1; 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide; triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In various solvent(s) | |
35% | Stage #1: 1-phenylheptan-3-ol With N-isopropylidene-N’-2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazine; triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 23℃; for 0.416667h; Stage #2: With phenylhydrazine In tetrahydrofuran at 23℃; for 13h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); tributyltin chloride; sodium cyanoborohydride; oxygen-18 In <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol at 60℃; for 15h; Yields of byproduct given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
at 85℃; for 5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With polymethylhydrosiloxane; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In dichloromethane at 20℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | In diethyl ether at -20℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | In diethyl ether at -20℃; for 0.5h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | Stage #1: pentan-1-ol With n-butyllithium; chloro-diphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran Stage #2: With methyl iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #3: phenethylmagnesium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 85 % Chromat. 2: 3 % Chromat. | With buta-1,3-diene In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 3h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | Stage #1: benzyl alcohol With n-butyllithium; chloro-diphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran Stage #2: With methyl iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #3: n-hexylmagnesium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | Stage #1: hexan-1-ol With n-butyllithium; chloro-diphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran Stage #2: With methyl iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #3: phenylmagnesium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With 4,5-dihydroimidazolium NHC ligand In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; | |
85% | With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0); 1,3-bis[(2,6-diisopropyl)phenyl]imidazolinium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; | |
77 % Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 18h; |
100 % Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 0.5h; | |
100 %Chromat. | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride; lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; desipramine at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | ||
100 %Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.1 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
34 %Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.1 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
8 %Chromat. | In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.1 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
98 %Chromat. | With C32H40Br3N3Pd; lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | |
With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride; lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; | ||
100 %Chromat. | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(II) dichloride; lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at 20℃; for 2h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; | |
100 %Chromat. | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.2 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
31 %Chromat. | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.2 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
6.5 %Chromat. | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In isopropyl alcohol at 20℃; for 24h; | 2.2 Complex Ih (Example 1, 1 mol %) was subjected to standard alkyl-alkyl Suzuki and Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Reaction conditions are provided in Table 1. The reactions were rapid (Suzuki 5 minutes, Negishi 30 minutes). Quantitative formation of the reaction product was observed at room temperature (Table 1). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70 % Chromat. | With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide; zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90 % Chromat. | With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87 % Chromat. | With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100 % Chromat. | With lithium bromide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95 % Chromat. | With lithium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 150 mg / HNO3 / 24 h / 20 °C 2: H2 / Pt/C / methanol | ||
Stage #1: heptylbenzene With aluminum (III) chloride; acetyl chloride Stage #2: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 150 mg / HNO3 / 24 h / 20 °C 2: H2 / Pt/C / methanol 3: aq. HCl / methanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium(II), cuprous iodide / diethylamine / 6 h 2: 54 percent / H2 / Lindlar / cyclohexane 3: 54 percent / cyclohexane / 50 h / 150 °C 4: 16 percent Chromat. / H2 / platinum oxide / cyclohexane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium(II), cuprous iodide / diethylamine / 6 h 2: H2, synthetic quinoline / Lindlar / cyclohexane 3: cyclohexane / 3 h / 135 °C 4: 20 percent / H2 / platinum oxide / cyclohexane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: cyclohexane / 3 h / 135 °C 2: 20 percent / H2 / platinum oxide / cyclohexane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 54 percent / cyclohexane / 50 h / 150 °C 2: 16 percent Chromat. / H2 / platinum oxide / cyclohexane |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
0.25 g (74%) | With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydrogencarbonate; triethylamine; sodium chloride In dichloromethane | 2 N-[2-(5-Benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl] butanamide (DNAS-18 or CA-18) Example 2 N-[2-(5-Benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl] butanamide (DNAS-18 or CA-18) Butyric anhydride (0.2 ml, 1.2 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature to a well-stirred mixture of 5-benzyloxytryptamine hydrochloride (0.3 g, 1 mmol), Et3N (0.35 ml, 2.5 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (3 ml). After stirring for 40 h at 30-35° C. the reaction mixture was washed with water (2*5 ml), 5% solution of NaHCO3 (2*10 ml), 1% solution of HCl (5 ml) and then saturated solution of NaCl (10 ml). After drying over Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated. Recrystallization of residue from benzene-heptane gave a yield of 0.25 g (74%) of N-[2-(5-benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]butanamide: mp 112-114° C. 1H NMR(CDCl3, ppm, δ): 0.90(3H, t, CH2CH3, J=8 Hz), 1.39(2H, m CH2CH2 CH3), 2.07(2H, t, CH2CH2 CH3, J=8 Hz), 2.92(2H, t, β-CH2, J=7 Hz), 3.56 (2H, q, α-CH2, J=6.5 Hz), 5.05(2H, s, CH2-O); 5.63(1H, bs, NH), 6.90-7.00(2H, m, 2- and 6-H), 7.10(1H, d, 4-H, J4-6=2 Hz), 7.20-7.48(6H, m, 7-H and Ph), 8.24(1H, bs, 1-H). Found, %: C 75.23; H 6.95; N 8.37. C21H24N2O2. Calc., %: C 75.0; H 7.14; N 8.33%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
0.515 g (80%) | With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydrogencarbonate; triethylamine; sodium chloride In dichloromethane; propionic acid anhydride | 1 N-[2-(5-Benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]propanamide (DNAS-15 or CA-15) Example 1 N-[2-(5-Benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]propanamide (DNAS-15 or CA-15) Propionic anhydride (0.3 ml, 2.3 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature to a well-stirred mixture of 5-benzyloxytryptamine hydrochloride (0.605 g, 2 mmol), Et3N (0.65 ml, 4.6 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 ml). After stirring for 24 h, the reaction mixture was washed with water (2.5 ml), 5% solution of NaHCO3 (10 ml), 1% solution of HCl (5 ml) and then saturated solution of NaCl (10 ml). After drying over Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated. Recrystallization of residue from benzene-heptane gave a yield of 0.515 g (80%) of N-[2-(5-benzyloxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]propanamide: mp 110-112° C. 1H NMR(CDCl3, ppm, δ): 1.11(3H, t, CH2CH3, J=8 Hz), 2.13(2H, q, CH2CH3), 2.90(2H, t, β-CH2, J=6.7 Hz), 3.58 (2H, q, α-CH2, J=6.2 Hz), 5.10(2H, s, CH2-O), 5.59(1H, bs, NH), 6.86-7.04(2H, m, 2- and 6-H), 7.13(1H, d, 4-H, J4-6=2Hz), 7.25-7.68(6H, m 7-H and Ph), 8.15(1H, bs, 1-H). Found, %: C 74.23; H 6.75; N 8.77. C20H22N2O2. Calc., %: C 74.53; H 6.83; N 8.70%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With thionyl chloride In aluminium trichloride; dichloromethane | 20 6-(4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)hexanoic acid EXAMPLE 20 6-(4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)hexanoic acid Thionyl chloride (23.8 g) is added dropwise to a cooled, stirred suspension of pimelic acid (16 g, 0.1 mole) in methylene chloride (150 ml). The reaction mixture is refluxed (1 hour) and then evaporated under reduced pressure to provide the bis acid chloride as a yellow oil. Methylene chloride (200 ml) is then added followed by heptylbenzene (17.5 g, 0.1 mole). The resulting solution is cooled in an ice bath and anhydrous aluminum chloride (13.3 g, 0.1 mole) is slowly added through a powder funnel over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is then refluxed (45 minutes) and poured into ice water (250 ml). The product is extracted with methylene chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a reddish-yellow oil which solidified on standing to a yellow solid. The product is purified by chromatography on a silica gel column with an ether:hexane:acetic acid (20:80:1) eluent and recrystallized from heptane to give 7 6-(a-n-heptylbenzoyl)hexanoic acid (7.0 g) as colorless crystals, m.p. 86°-87° C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 75.43; H, 9.49 Found C, 75.49; H, 9.20 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; thionyl chloride; sulfuric acid; acetic acid In sodium hydroxide; (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate; water | 16 3- (4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)benzoic acid EXAMPLE 16 3- (4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)benzoic acid First, 3-cyanobenzoic acid (50 g, 0.34 mole) is heated under reflux with thionyl chloride (50 g, 0.43 mole) for two hours. Excess thionyl chloride is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is then added over 1 hour to a mixture of heptylbenzene (300 ml) and aluminum chloride (54.4 g, 0.4 mole) and the resulting mixture kept at room temperature for 45 minutes. The reaction mixture is mixed with ice water (1 liter) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (100 ml) and the product extracted with ether (2*300 ml). The ether solution is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on a silica gel column (hexane;ether;acetic acid 50:50:1) to live 3-(4-n-heptylbenzoyl)benzonitrile (52.7 1) as a red-brown oil. A portion of this product (47.7 g, 0.16 mole) is heated under reflux in a mixture of acetic acid (402 ml), sulfuric acid (286 g) and water for 2 1/2 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into ice water (1 liter). The precipitate is collected by filtration, dissolved in 2N sodium hydroxide (500 ml) and washed with ether (400 ml). The aqueous phase is heated to boiling for five minutes, decolorized with carbon, filtered and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitated product is collected, dried and recrystallized from heptane to provide 3-(4-n-heptylbenzoyl)benzoic acid (28.6 g), as a white crystalline solid, m.p. 124°-126° C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 77.75; H, 7.46. Found: C, 77.66; H, 7.63. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate | 17 2-(4-n-Heptylphenacyl)benzoic acid EXAMPLE 17 2-(4-n-Heptylphenacyl)benzoic acid A mixture of homophthalic anhydride (40 g, 0.24 mole), aluminum chloride (48 g, 0.36 mole) and heptylbenzene (400 ml) is heated (90° C. for 90 minutes). The reaction mixture is poured into a mixture of ice water (800 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (200 g) and stirred overnight. The product is extracted with ether (3*300 ml). The extracts are combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue is crystallized from heptane to provide 2-(4-n-heptylphenacyl)benzoic acid (10.4 g) as a white crystalline solid, m.p. 128°-131° C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 78.08; H, 7.74. Found: C, 77.82; H, 7.67. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate | 24 4-(4-Heptylbenzoyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid EXAMPLE 24 4-(4-Heptylbenzoyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid First, 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride (25 g, 0.176 moles) is heated with 1-phenylheptane (150 ml) and anhydrous aluminium chloride (51.6 g, 0.387 moles) at 90°-100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, poured into a mixture of ice water (500 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (100 ml), and extracted with ether (3*150). The combined ether extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered. Ether is removed under reduced pressure and the resulting solution chromatographed on silica gel (hexane and then hexane:ether:acetic acid at 80:20:1) to yield 4-(4-heptylbenzoyl)-3,3-dimethyl butanoic acid (17.67 g), m.p. 41°-42° C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 75.43; H, 9.49. Found: C, 75.43; H, 9.29. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In water | 34 4-(4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)butanoic acid EXAMPLE 34 4-(4-n-Heptylbenzoyl)butanoic acid Glutaric anhydride (77.6 g) is added in one portion to a stirred mixture of 1-phenylheptane (400 ml) and anhydrous aluminum chloride (200 g). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then cooled in an ice bath and carefully treated with a mixture of water (300 ml) and conc. HCl (100 ml). After the addition is complete, the mixture is allowed to return to room temperature and then extracted with ether (3*500 ml). The combined ether extracts are dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The solid precipitate is separated from the phenyl heptane solution, and then mixed with water (600 ml) and heated under reflux for 15 min. After cooling to room temperature the product is extracted with methylene chloride (2*300 ml). The extract is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue is recrystallized from heptane to provide 4-(4-n-heptylbenzoyl)butanoic acid (34.86 g) as a white crystalline solid, m.p. 101°-103.5°0 C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 74.45; H, 9.02. Found: C, 74.39; H, 9.04. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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In hydrogenchloride; (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate | 23 Trans-2-(4-heptylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid EXAMPLE 23 Trans-2-(4-heptylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (6.76 g, 0.044 mole) was heated with 1-phenylheptane (100 ml) and anhydrous aluminum chloride (12.86 g, 0.096 moles) at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then poured into a mixture of ice water (500 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 ml). The product was extracted with ether (2*200 ml) and the extracts dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The ether was removed under reduced pressure and the remaining solution chromatographed on silica (hexane and then hexane:ether:acetic acid at 70:30:1) to yield trans-2-(4-heptylbenzoyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (7.36 g), m.p. 91°-94° C. Elemental Analysis: Calculated: C, 76.33; H, 9.15. Found: C, 76.66; H, 9.27. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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78% | Stage #1: n-heptylzinc chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 1h; Stage #2: chlorobenzene In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 120℃; for 16h; | A-10 [Example A-10] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from chlorobenzene and n-heptylzinc chloride (Synthesis in which tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was handled in air) A 30-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser. 0.022 g (0.1 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate and 7 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.105 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate obtained in Example A-1 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes to prepare a reaction liquid. A 50-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser. 1.090 g (8 mmol) of zinc chloride and 4 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring. 3.5 ml (7 mmol) of 2M tetrahydrofuran solution of n-heptylmagnesium chloride was added dropwise at 25°C over a period of 30 minutes, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. The reaction liquid previously obtained was added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. Further, 0.558 g (5 mmol) of chlorobenzene was added, followed by stirring at 120°C for 16 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 10 ml of toluene and 10 ml of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.684 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 78 mol% based on chlorobenzene). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
78% | Stage #1: n-heptylzinc chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 1h; In argon atmosphere; Stage #2: chlorobenzene In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 120℃; for 16h; | 15 [Comparative Example 15] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from chlorobenzene and n-heptylzinc chloride (Synthesis in which tri-tert-butylphosphine was handled in argon) The procedures in Example A-10 or B-27 were repeated except that 0.105 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example A-10 or 0.116 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate of Example B-27 was replaced with 0.040 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphine, and except that the procedures were carried out in a glove box in which an argon atmosphere was strictly maintained. Consequently, 0.688 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 78 mol% based on chlorobenzene). The identification of the product was made on the basis of a mass spectrum, which was in agreement with that of Example A-10 or B-27. |
78% | Stage #1: n-heptylzinc chloride In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 1h; Stage #2: chlorobenzene In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 120℃; for 16h; | B-27 [Example B-27] [Similar to Example A-10] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from chlorobenzene and n-heptylzinc chloride (Synthesis in which tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate was handled in air) A 30-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser. 0.022 g (0.1 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate and 7 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.116 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate obtained in Example B-3 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes to prepare a reaction liquid. A 50-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser. 1.090 g (8 mmol) of zinc chloride and 4 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring. 3.5 ml (7 mmol) of 2M tetrahydrofuran solution of n-heptylmagnesium chloride was added dropwise at 25°C over a period of 30 minutes, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. The reaction liquid previously obtained was added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. Further, 0.558 g (5 mmol) of chlorobenzene was added, followed by stirring at 120°C for 16 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 10 ml of toluene and 10 ml of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.688 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 78 mol% based on chlorobenzene). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
Stage #1: n-heptylzinc chloride With oxygen In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 25℃; for 1h; In air; Stage #2: chlorobenzene In tetrahydrofuran; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 120℃; for 16h; | 16 [Comparative Example 16] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from chlorobenzene and n-heptylzinc chloride (Synthesis in which tri-tert-butylphosphine was handled in air) The procedures in Example A-10 or B-27 were repeated except that 0.105 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example A-10 or 0.116 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate of Example B-27 was replaced with 0.040 g (0.2 mmol) of tri-tert-butylphosphine. Tri-tert-butylphosphine generated white smoke while being handled in air. Little 1-phenylheptane formed. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tert-Amyl alcohol at 25℃; for 24h; | B-18 [Example B-18] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylboronic acid (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was handled in air) A 50-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser. 0.896 g (5 mmol) of n-heptyl bromide, 0.914 g (7.5 mmol) of phenylboronic acid, 0.056g (0.25mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, 1.683g (15mmol) of potassium tert-butoxide and 25 ml of tert-amyl alcohol were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.240 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate obtained in Example B-1 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 24 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 20 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution was added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.785 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 89 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
85% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tert-Amyl alcohol at 25℃; for 24h; In argon atmosphere; | 1 [Comparative Example 1] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylboronic acid (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in argon) The procedures in Example B-18 were repeated except that 0.240 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-18 was replaced with 0.080 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine, and except that the procedures were carried out in a glove box in which an argon atmosphere was strictly maintained. Consequently, 0.749 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 85 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
83% | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In tert-Amyl alcohol at 25℃; for 24h; | B-20 Example B-20] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylboronic acid (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate was handled in air) The procedures in Example B-18 were repeated except that 0.240 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was replaced with 0.268 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate obtained in Example B-2. Consequently, 0.732 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 83 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; oxygen In tert-Amyl alcohol at 25℃; for 24h; In air; | 2 [Comparative Example 2] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylboronic acid (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in air) The procedures in Example B-18 were repeated except that 0.240 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-18 was replaced with 0.080 g (0.5 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine. Di-tert-butylmethylphosphine generated white smoke while being handled in air. Little 1-phenylheptane formed. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | Stage #1: 1-Bromoheptane In tetrahydrofuran at 22℃; for 0.5h; In argon atmosphere; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 1.66667h; | 5 [Comparative Example 5] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in argon) The procedures in Example B-22 were repeated except that 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-22 was replaced with 0.032 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine, and except that the procedures were carried out in a glove box in which an argon atmosphere was strictly maintained. Consequently, 2.992 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 85 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made on the basis of a mass spectrum, which was in agreement with that of Example B-22. |
85% | Stage #1: 1-Bromoheptane In tetrahydrofuran at 22℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 1.66667h; | B-22 [Example B-22] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was handled in air) A 50-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser. 0.045 g (0.2 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate and 2 ml of tetrahydrofuran were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate obtained in Example B-1 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 22°C for 30 minutes. 3.582 g (20 mmol) of n-heptyl bromide was added, followed by stirring at 22°C for 30 minutes. 10 ml (22 mmol) of 2.2M tetrahydrofuran solution of phenylmagnesium chloride was added dropwise at 30°C over a period of 10 minutes, followed by stirring at 30°C for 3 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 10 ml of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 2.997 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 85 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
82% | Stage #1: 1-Chloroheptane In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 19.1667h; | A-8 [Example A-8] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which tricyclohexylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was handled in air) A 30-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser. 0.027 g (0.12 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate and 7 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.072 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetraphenylborate obtained in Example A-4 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. 0.404 g (3 mmol) of n-heptyl chloride was added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. 2 ml (4.4 mmol) of 2.2M tetrahydrofuran solution of phenylmagnesium chloride was added dropwise at 25°C over a period of 10 minutes, followed by stirring at 25°C for 19 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 6 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 10 ml of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.435 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 82 mol% based on n-heptyl chloride). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
82% | Stage #1: 1-Chloroheptane In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.5h; In argon atmosphere; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 19.1667h; | 11 [Comparative Example 11] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which tricyclohexylphosphine was handled in argon) The procedures in Example A-8 or B-25 were repeated except that 0.072 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example A-8 or 0.079 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate of Example B-25 was replaced with 0.034 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphine, and except that the procedures were carried out in a glove box in which an argon atmosphere was strictly maintained. Consequently, 0.434 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 82 mol% based on n-heptyl chloride). The identification of the product was made on the basis of a mass spectrum, which was in agreement with that of Example A-8 or B-25. |
82% | Stage #1: 1-Chloroheptane In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 19.1667h; | B-25 [Example B-25] [Similar to Example A-8] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which tricyclohexylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate was handled in air) A 30-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser. 0.027 g (0.12 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate and 7 ml of N-methylpyrrolidinone were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.079 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate obtained in Example B-16 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. 0.404 g (3 mmol) of n-heptyl chloride was added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 30 minutes. 2 ml (4.4 mmol) of 2.2M tetrahydrofuran solution of phenylmagnesium chloride was added dropwise at 25°C over a period of 10 minutes, followed by stirring at 25°C for 19 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 6 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 10 ml of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.434 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 82 mol% based on n-heptyl chloride). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
Stage #1: 1-Bromoheptane With oxygen In tetrahydrofuran at 22℃; for 0.5h; In air; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 1.66667h; | 6 [Comparative Example 6] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in air) The procedures in Example B-22 were repeated except that 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-22 was replaced with 0.032 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine. Di-tert-butylmethylphosphine generated white smoke while being handled in air. Little 1-phenylheptane formed. | |
Stage #1: 1-Chloroheptane With oxygen In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.5h; In air; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 19.1667h; | 12 [Comparative Example 12] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride (Synthesis in which tricyclohexylphosphine was handled in air) The procedures in Example A-8 or B-25 were repeated except that 0.072 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example A-8 or 0.079 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphonium tetra-para-tolylborate of Example B-25 was replaced with 0.034 g (0.12 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphine. Tricyclohexylphosphine generated white smoke while being handled in air. Little 1-phenylheptane formed. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 21h; | B-28 [Example B-28] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromide and trimethoxyphenylsilane (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate was handled in air) A 30-ml four-necked flask was equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser. 0.358 g (2 mmol) of n-heptyl bromide, 0.476 g (2.4 mmol) of trimethoxyphenylsilane, 0.021 g (0.08 mmol) of palladium (II) bromide, 4.8 ml (4.8 mmol) of 1M tetrahydrofuran solution of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride and 4.8ml of tetrahydrofuran were weighed in the flask, followed by stirring. Further, 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate obtained in Example B-1 was weighed in air and added into the flask. The flask was purged with argon, followed by stirring at 25°C for 21 hours. After the completion of the reaction, 5 ml of toluene and 10 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution were added, followed by separation. The organic phase was purified by column chromatography to afford 0.300 g of 1-phenylheptane (yield: 85 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made by mass spectroscopy. Mass spectrum [EI mode] M/Z 176 (M+) |
85% | With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 21h; In argon atmosphere; | 17 [Comparative Example 17] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromine and trimethoxyphenylsilane (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in argon) The procedures in Example B-28 were repeated except that 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-28 was replaced with 0.032 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine, and except that the procedures were carried out in a glove box in which an argon atmosphere was strictly maintained. Consequently, 0.300 g of 1-phenylheptane was obtained (yield: 85 mol% based on n-heptyl bromide). The identification of the product was made on the basis of a mass spectrum, which was in agreement with that of Example B-28. |
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride; oxygen In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 21h; In air; | 18 [Comparative Example 18] Synthesis of 1-phenylheptane from n-heptyl bromine and trimethoxyphenylsilane (Synthesis in which di-tert-butylmethylphosphine was handled in air) The procedures in Example B-28 were repeated except that 0.096 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate of Example B-28 was replaced with 0.032 g (0.2 mmol) of di-tert-butylmethylphosphine. Di-tert-butylmethylphosphine generated white smoke while being handled in air. Little 1-phenylheptane formed. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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In 1,1-dichloroethane | 37.1 Preparation of 2-n-heptyl-2'-hydroxy-4'-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone (1) To a solution of 87.7 g of n-heptylbenzene in a mixture of 160 ml of nitroethane and 480 ml of dichloroethane was added little by little 79.5 g of anhydrous aluminum chloride with ice cooling, followed by adding dropwise a solution of 54.5 ml. of dichloromethyl methyl ether in 60 ml of dichloroethane. After completion of the addition, the reaction was carried out at 0° C. for a further one hour. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with water and dried, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel column with a solvent of n-hexane - isopropyl ether (10:1) to give 17.3 g of 2-heptylbenzaldehyde as a colorless oil from the first eluted fractions and 64.8 g of 4-heptylbenzaldehyde as a colorless oil from the later eluted fractions. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With sodium carbonate In ethanol; benzene | 8 [4-(p-Chlorobenzylamino)-6-Propyl-2-Pyrimidinylthio]Acetonitrile EXAMPLE 8 [4-(p-Chlorobenzylamino)-6-Propyl-2-Pyrimidinylthio]Acetonitrile A stirred suspension of 13.62 g. (0.06 mole) of (4-chloro-6-propyl-2-pyrimidinylthio)acetonitrile, 8.40 g. (0.06 mole) of p-chlorobenzylamine and 6.36 g. (0.06 mole) of sodium carbonate was heated under reflux in 150 ml of ethanol for five hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in a rotary evaportor. The residue was dissolved in ether (150 ml) and extracted with 150 ml of 10% concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. The ether layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in a rotary evaporator. This residue was dissolved in benzene, diluted with a little heptane and was cooled in ice. The precipitate which formed was collected and recrystallized a second time from a benzene-heptane mixture to give 3.6 g. of product, m.p. 68°-70°. Analysis for: C16 H17 N4 ClS: Calculated: C, 57.73; H, 5.15; N, 16.83 %. Found: C, 57.65; H, 5.04; N, 17.17. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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65% | With sulfuric acid; nitric acid at 0 - 20℃; for 0.5h; | |
In pentylbenzene | 14 EXAMPLE 14 The said 1-n-heptyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene was obtained by nitration of n-heptylbenzene in a similar manner to that described for the nitration of n-pentylbenzene in Example 7. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With sodium dichromate In acetic acid | 26 2,7-BIS(5-PIPERIDINOVALERYL)XANTHEN-9-ONE EXAMPLE 26 2,7-BIS(5-PIPERIDINOVALERYL)XANTHEN-9-ONE Following the procedure of Example 25, only substituting for 2,7-bis(4-piperidinobutyryl)xanthene, 25.8 g (0.05 mole) 2,7-bis(5-piperidinovaleryl)xanthene and using 600 ml. of glacial acetic acid and 19.7 g (0.066 mole) sodium dichromate, the solid obtained was recrystalllized from a benzene-heptane mixture to give the desired product. M.P. 109°-110°C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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1: 38% 2: 6% 3: 7% 4: 5% 5: 2% | With phenanthrene; sodium; lithium In tetrahydrofuran at 22℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | |
1: 34% 2: 6% 3: 5% 4: 4% 5: 2% | With anthracene; lithium In tetrahydrofuran at 22℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
23 %Chromat. | With chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer; 3-diphenylphosphino-2-(diphenylphosphino)methyl-2-methylpropyl acetate In tetramethylurea at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 89% 2: 16% | With chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer; 3-diphenylphosphino-2-(diphenylphosphino)methyl-2-methylpropyl acetate In tetramethylurea at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With hydrogen In toluene at 80℃; for 24h; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; | ||
With hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 24h; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50 %Chromat. | Stage #1: phenylmagnesium bromide With zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -20℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With methylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -20℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: 1-Iodoheptane With triphenylphosphine; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; | Typical procedure for the coupling of methylarylzincs with primary alkyl iodides: General procedure: All reactions were carried out in oven-dried glassware under a positive pressure of nitrogen using standard syringe-septum cap techniques.28 For the preparation of methylarylzinc reagents (aryl: C6H5, MeC6H4, MeOC6H4), arylzinc chlorides were reacted with methylmagnesium chloride. Arylzinc chloride was prepared by addition of arylmagnesium bromide (2 mmol) to ZnCl2 (2 mmol) in THF (4 ml) at -20 °C and stirring at that temperature for 15 min. To freshly prepared arylzinc chloride (2 mmol), methylmagnesium chloride (2 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at -20 °C for another 15 min. For the preparation of methylarylzinc reagents (aryl: 4-MeCOC6H4, 3-MeCOC6H4), arylmagnesium bromides were reacted with methylzinc chloride.26 Arylmagnesium bromide (2 mmol) was prepared by addition of isopropylmagnesium bromide (2.1 mmol) to a solution of aryl iodide (2 mmol) in THF (4 ml) at -15 °C and stirring at that temperature for 1 hour to complete the Br/Mg exchange.29 Arylmagnesium bromide (2 mmol) solution was added to methylzinc chloride (2 mmol), freshly prepared by addition of methylmagnesium bromide (2 mmol) to ZnCl2 (2 mmol) in THF (4 ml) at -20 °C and the mixture was stirred at that temperature for 15 min. For the alkyl coupling reaction of methylarylzincs, a mixture of NiCl2 (10 mol %, 0.013 g), PPh3 (10 mol %, 0.0263) and primary alkyl iodide in THF (2 ml) was cooled to 0 °C and freshly prepared methylarylzinc (2 mmol) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then hydrolyzed by addition of 1 M HCl and subsequently extracted with Et2O. The combined ethereal solutions were washed with aq NaHCO3 solution, dried and aliquots were analyzed by GC. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With dichloro[1,3-bis(2,6-di-3-pentylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(II) In tetrahydrofuran for 2.16667h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68 %Spectr. | With iron(II) acetylacetonate; Selectfluor In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51.1% | With CuCr2O4; dihydrogen peroxide In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 12h; | |
With Manganese dioxide nanostructures coated on natural silk In o-xylene for 12h; Reflux; | 3.2. Oxidation of alkyl arenes; General procedure General procedure: In a typical reaction, an alkyl arene (1.0 mmol), MnO2silk(0.09 g, 10 mol% of MnO2), and o-xylene (5.0 mL) were added to atwo-necked flask. The mixture was stirred under reflux conditionsand air blowing. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used to investigate the progress of the reaction. Upon completion,analysis of the crude product has been done by GC method. | |
43 %Chromat. | With 9-(benzoyl(cyclohexyl)carbamoyl)-10-phenylacridinium perchlorate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 18h; Irradiation; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Stage #1: 1-Iodohexane With triphenylphosphine In acetonitrile at 150℃; for 2h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzyl bromide With potassium hexamethylsilazane In acetonitrile at 150℃; for 3h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With sodium hydroxide In acetonitrile at 100℃; for 1h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 1-hexene; 1,6-diphenyl-hexa-1,3,5-triene With tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride In toluene at 100℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen In ethanol; toluene at 20℃; Schlenk technique; | Cross metathesis of 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (1) and 1-hexene A Schlenk tube was charged with1 (0.0927 g, 0.40mmol), 1-hexene (0.300 mL, 2,40mmol),toluene (2.0 mL), and fitted with a condenser. A solution of HG2 (0.0106 g, 0.0169mmol, 0.05eq) intoluene (1.0 mL) was added. The mixture was heated (100°C) for 2 hours, cooled down to room temperature, Pd/C (0.010 g) and ethanol (2 mL) was added. Then a balloon filled with hydrogen was connected to the Schlenk tube. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the suspension was filtered and the obtained solution was analyzed by GC-MS (Figure S9, Table S4). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: cis-stilben; methyl α-eleostearate With tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride In toluene at 100℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen In ethanol; toluene at 20℃; Schlenk technique; Overall yield = 380 mg; | Cross metathesis of α-eleostearic acid methyl ester (2) and cis-stilbene (6) A Schlenk tube was charged with2 (0.0989 g, 0.338mmol), cis-stilbene (6, 0.362 mL, 2.03 mmol, 6 eq) and toluene (1.0 mL), and fitted with a condenser. A solution of HG2 (0.0106 g, 0.0169mmol, 0.05eq) intoluene (1.0 mL) was added. The mixture was heated (100°C) for 2 hours, cooled down to room temperature andPd/C (0.010 g) in ethanol (2 mL) was added. Then a balloon filled with hydrogen was connected to theSchlenk tube. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the black suspension was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, giving 380 mg of the crude product. The mixture was analyzed by GC-MS (Table S1), 1H NMR (Figure 1) and quantitative 13C NMR (Figure S2).The crude product containsmethyl 10-phenyldecanoate (3),1,2-diphenylethane (6*), hexylbenzene (5), 1,4-diphenylbutane (4)in 1:3:1:0.6 molar ratio according to 1H NMR measurements as determined by quantitative13C NMR measurements. The yields of methyl 10-phenyldecanoate and alkylbenzene homologuesare higher than95% and the yield of1,4-diphenylbutane is ~35%. (Crude starting material contains 81% of2). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | Stage #1: heptylbenzene; 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione In dichloromethane at -78℃; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium bromide With 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) In diethyl ether; dichloromethane at -78 - 20℃; for 3.25h; Inert atmosphere; | |
52% | Stage #1: heptylbenzene; 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione In dichloromethane at -78℃; for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium bromide With 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; dichloromethane at -78 - 20℃; for 3.25h; | 2; 3 Racemic Dearomative Trans-, 2-Carboamination of Mononuclear Arenes General Procedure B: In an oven-dried test tube, MTAD (4, 57.0 mg, 0.50 mmol, i .0 equiv.) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2C12 (2.5 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to -78° C. Arene (iO equiv.) was slowly added and the solution was stirred for five minutes. The pink solution was irradiated with LED lights at -78° C. until complete loss of colot Upon decolorization, the LED lights were turned off and a pre-cooled (-78° C.) solution of [Ni(cod)2] (6.88 mg, 0.025 mmol, iO mol %) and dppf (55 mg, 0.iO mmol, 20 mol %) in CH2C12 (2.0 mL) was added, followed by dropwise addition of Grignard reagent (4i7 pL, 3.0 M in THF, i .25 mmol, 2.5 equiv.) at the rate to keep the internal temperature below -65° C. After addition, the cold bath temperature was warmed to -45° C. and allowed to slowly warm to 0° C. over 3 h. Reaction vessel was removed from the cold bath, stirred at room temperature for iS mm, and then quenched with aq. HC1 (2 mL, iM). The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2C12 (2x4 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to give the desired compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | With di-tert-butyl peroxide; (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)borane In tert-butyl methyl ether at 120℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | |
42% | With sodium tetrahydroborate; di-tert-butyl peroxide; Methyl thiosalicylate In <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol at 120℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | Stage #1: heptylbenzene; 3-Bromopropionyl chloride With aluminum (III) chloride In 1,2-dichloro-ethane Cooling with ice; Stage #2: morpholine With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In toluene for 12h; Reflux; | 1 General procedure for the preparation of 1-phenylpropanone compounds offormula (I) wherein X is methylene, CH2 The appropriate alkylbenzene (for example, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, orheptylbenzene) was reacted with 3-bromopropionyl chloride (2 equivalents) andaluminum trichloride (3 equivalents) in 1 ,2-dichloroethane in ice bath. The reactionwas quenched by pouring it into water, and extracting the desired intermediatewith diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated and subjected to rotaryevaporation. The intermediate thus synthesized was then treated with anappropriate cyclic amine (morpholine, piperidine or N-methyl piperazine, 2equivalents), potassium iodide (2 equivalents) and calcium carbonate (3equivalents) in toluene. The mixture was refluxed for 12 h. After cooling, the solidwas removed by filtration, and the solvent evaporated by rotary evaporation. The residue was dispersed into dichloromethane, and the mixture was washed with10% sodium hydroxide solution. The organic layer was evaporated by rotaryevaporation to afford the desired compound. Yields: 61-75%. Compound 24 (GR390), 1-(4-heptylphenyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-one1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) o: 7.75 (d, 2H, PhH), 7.08 (d, 2H, PhH), 3.69 (t, 4H,OCH2), 3.12 (t, 2H, COCH2), 2.87 (t, 2H, NCH2), 2.62 (t, 2H, PhCH2), 2.48 (m, 4H,NCH2), 1.74 (m, 6H, CH2), 1.30 (m, 4H, CH2), 0.90 (t, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (1 00 MHz, CDCb) o: 191.5, 157.2, 143.1, 131.6, 124.3, 67.5, 53.2, 51.4,34.3, 32.0, 31.3, 28.4, 25.6, 23.0, 22.8, 14.1. m/z (ESI): 318.2.Yield: 61%. Purity (HPLC): 97%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90.476 % ee | With selenium; water; potassium acetate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 150℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Overall yield = 64 %; Overall yield = 44 mg; stereoselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; lithium tert-butoxide; trimethylphosphane In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
52% | With nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; lithium tert-butoxide; trimethylphosphane In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | With nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; lithium tert-butoxide; trimethylphosphane In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | |
62% | With nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane; lithium tert-butoxide; trimethylphosphane In 1,4-dioxane at 60℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen In octane at 110℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59 mg | With C60H72Br2N4Ni; tetrabutylammonium p-toluenesulfonate In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; Sealed tube; | 11. Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling (Figure 2A) General procedure: General Procedure GIn an argon-filled glovebox, a flame-dried 10 mL sealing tube equipped with a Teflon septumand magnetic stir bar was charged with ZrCp2HCl (258 mg, 1.0 mmol, 2.0 equiv.), the reactionvial was sealed tightly and removed from the glovebox, anhydrous THF (1.25 mL), alkene (1.1mmol, 2.2 equiv.) were added by a syringe under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirredfor 30 min until a clear yellow solution was obtained.In an argon-filled glovebox, another flame-dried 10 mL sealing tube equipped with a Teflonseptum and magnetic stir bar was charged with alkyl halide (0.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv.), Ni-1 (3.2mg, 0.003 mmol, 0.6 mol%), tetrabutylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate (207 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1.0equiv.), the reaction vial was sealed tightly and removed from the glovebox, the previous clearalkyl zirconium reagent was transferred via syringe over 1 min to this reaction vial under anargon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was then stirred and irradiated with blue LEDs with afan placed above for cooling. After 24 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, filteredthrough a short pat of silica gel, and concentrated in vacuum. Purification of the crude productby flash chromatography on silica gel afforded the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: / methyl cyclohexane / 4 h / 120 °C / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere 2: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); triphenylphosphine; silver(l) oxide; potassium carbonate | ||
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: / methyl cyclohexane / 4 h / 120 °C / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere 2: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); triphenylphosphine; silver(l) oxide; potassium carbonate |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | In methyl cyclohexane at 120℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 65 %Chromat. 2: 6 %Chromat. | In methyl cyclohexane at 120℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With water-d2; isopropyl alcohol In n-heptane at 120℃; Flow reactor; | General procedures (GP) GP-B; 2-PrOH/heptane mixed solvent system (Table 6) General procedure: A solution of the substrate (0.5 mmol) in a mixed solvent of 2-PrOH/heptane and D2O were mixed using a mixer and pumped by different two syringe pumps (YMC, YSP-101) at a flow rate of 0.03 mL/min and 0.07 mL/min into the catalyst-packed cartridge (4.6×50 mm, SUS-316) at 120 °C. The cartridge was washed with 10 mL of a mixed solvent of 2-PrOH/heptane and D2O. The whole reaction mixture was collected and extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give the corresponding deuterium-labeled product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With C15H25Cl2N3NiO3; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate In octane at 120℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72 %Spectr. | With C28H32IrN4(1+)*I(1-); sodium t-butanolate In tert-Amyl alcohol at 140℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | With hydrogen tetrafluoroborate; dihydrogen peroxide In water monomer; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With rhenium(I) pentacarbonyl bromide; HSiPh3 In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 100℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure for rhenium-catalyzed reduction of alcohol with triphenylhydrosilane: General procedure: A 1,2-dichloroethane (2.0 mL) solution of alcohol 1 (0.3 mmol), triphenylhydrosilane 2b (0.3 mmol), and ReBr(CO)5 (5 mol%) was stirred under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 80100 C for 5* h. After the reaction was complete, H2O was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with MgSO4. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography afforded the corresponding alkanes. Further purification was carried out by recyclable preparative HPLC, if necessary. |
Tags: 1078-71-3 synthesis path| 1078-71-3 SDS| 1078-71-3 COA| 1078-71-3 purity| 1078-71-3 application| 1078-71-3 NMR| 1078-71-3 COA| 1078-71-3 structure
[ 4423-66-9 ]
Tricyclo(13.2.2.2(6,9))heneicosa-1(18),6(21),7,9(20),15(19),16-hexaene
Similarity: 1.00
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H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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