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Chemical Structure| 71-30-7
Chemical Structure| 71-30-7
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Product Details of [ 71-30-7 ]

CAS No. :71-30-7 MDL No. :
Formula : C4H5N3O Boiling Point : -
Linear Structure Formula :- InChI Key :OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
M.W : 111.10 Pubchem ID :597
Synonyms :
4-Aminouracil;4-Amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine;NSC 27787;Cytosinimine

Calculated chemistry of [ 71-30-7 ]

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms : 8
Num. arom. heavy atoms : 6
Fraction Csp3 : 0.0
Num. rotatable bonds : 0
Num. H-bond acceptors : 2.0
Num. H-bond donors : 2.0
Molar Refractivity : 29.26
TPSA : 71.77 Ų

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption : High
BBB permeant : No
P-gp substrate : No
CYP1A2 inhibitor : No
CYP2C19 inhibitor : No
CYP2C9 inhibitor : No
CYP2D6 inhibitor : No
CYP3A4 inhibitor : No
Log Kp (skin permeation) : -8.21 cm/s

Lipophilicity

Log Po/w (iLOGP) : 0.29
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : -1.73
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : -0.64
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : -1.26
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : 0.49
Consensus Log Po/w : -0.57

Druglikeness

Lipinski : 0.0
Ghose : None
Veber : 0.0
Egan : 0.0
Muegge : 2.0
Bioavailability Score : 0.55

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL) : 0.01
Solubility : 113.0 mg/ml ; 1.01 mol/l
Class : Highly soluble
Log S (Ali) : 0.74
Solubility : 606.0 mg/ml ; 5.46 mol/l
Class : Highly soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : -1.14
Solubility : 8.07 mg/ml ; 0.0726 mol/l
Class : Soluble

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS : 0.0 alert
Brenk : 0.0 alert
Leadlikeness : 1.0
Synthetic accessibility : 1.47

Safety of [ 71-30-7 ]

Signal Word:Warning Class:N/A
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338 UN#:N/A
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335 Packing Group:N/A
GHS Pictogram:

Application In Synthesis of [ 71-30-7 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 71-30-7 ]
  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 71-30-7 ]

[ 71-30-7 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~38

  • 1
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Reference: [1] Molecules, 2012, vol. 17, # 4, p. 4533 - 4544
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  • [ 108-53-2 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
  • [ 18514-52-8 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
0.18 mg With ferric sulfate nonahydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
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  • [ 617-48-1 ]
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  • [ 108-53-2 ]
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  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
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  • [ 302-72-7 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
0.12 mg With magnesium sulfate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
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  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 56-06-4 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
1.6 mg With copper(II) choride dihydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
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  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 120-73-0 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 56-06-4 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
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  • [ 302-72-7 ]
  • [ 18588-61-9 ]
Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
  • 6
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  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 1455-77-2 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 120-73-0 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
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Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
  • 7
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  • [ 74-88-4 ]
  • [ 1122-47-0 ]
Reference: [1] European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, vol. 44, # 3, p. 1172 - 1179
[2] New Journal of Chemistry, 2010, vol. 34, # 11, p. 2634 - 2642
[3] Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1909, vol. 5, p. 62[4] Chem. Zentralbl., 1908, vol. 79, # II, p. 1265
[5] Patent: US2013/245043, 2013, A1, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0527; 0528; 0529; 0530
  • 8
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  • [ 10504-60-6 ]
  • [ 1122-47-0 ]
Reference: [1] Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1984, vol. 2, # 11-12, p. 431 - 434
  • 9
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  • [ 616-38-6 ]
  • [ 1122-47-0 ]
  • [ 6220-49-1 ]
  • [ 2228-27-5 ]
  • [ 124210-92-0 ]
Reference: [1] Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences, 1989, vol. 44, # 7, p. 863 - 865
  • 10
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  • [ 4776-08-3 ]
  • [ 608-34-4 ]
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Reference: [1] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1980, vol. 53, # 1, p. 277 - 278
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  • [ 4776-08-3 ]
  • [ 1122-47-0 ]
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Reference: [1] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1980, vol. 53, # 1, p. 277 - 278
[2] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1980, vol. 53, # 1, p. 277 - 278
[3] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1980, vol. 53, # 1, p. 277 - 278
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  • [ 6220-49-1 ]
  • [ 874-14-6 ]
  • [ 2228-27-5 ]
  • [ 124210-93-1 ]
  • [ 124210-92-0 ]
Reference: [1] Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences, 1989, vol. 44, # 7, p. 863 - 865
  • 13
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  • [ 194419-92-6 ]
  • [ 3289-47-2 ]
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Reference: [1] Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 1997, vol. 8, # 14, p. 2299 - 2302
[2] Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 1997, vol. 8, # 14, p. 2299 - 2302
  • 14
  • [ 50-00-0 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
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Reference: [1] Synlett, 2002, # 12, p. 2043 - 2044
[2] Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2007, vol. 85, # 4, p. 302 - 312
  • 15
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  • [ 1123-95-1 ]
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Reference: [1] Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1996, vol. 9, # 4, p. 745 - 750
  • 16
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YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
95.7%
Stage #1: at -15 - 0℃; Inert atmosphere
Stage #2: at -20℃; for 4 h; Inert atmosphere
(1) Under nitrogen, the temperature is 0 , the quality of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was added 1150g 3450g cytosine, at a temperature of -15 deg.] C, into fluorine gas content of 15percent fluorine gas, a mixed gas of nitrogen, flow rate of 40g / h, fluorination reaction; document.write(""); After (2) a reaction for 4 hours in ventilation of nitrogen gas remove excess fluorine gas at -20 reaction of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was distilled off in vacuo to dryness, water was added 8L, calcium carbonate was added to adjust the pH to 8; document.write(""); (3) The reaction was warmed to 90 deg.] C for 1 hour, filtered hot, 100g activated carbon was added, incubated 90 deg.] C for 0.5 hours and then filtered hot, cooled to 25 deg.] C for 0.5 hours, then cooled to 0 deg.] C, stirred for 1 hour , 5-fluorocytosine was filtered to give a white wet product; document.write(""); (4) the wet product 5-fluorocytosine after 70 deg.] C bake for 16 hours to give 5-fluorocytosine dried. document.write(""); Purity by HPLC and liquid phase titration analysis to analyze the content of 5-fluorocytosine purity and yield the following results: 95.7percent yield, 97.7percent pure.
87.4% at 20℃; Inert atmosphere (Figure 1) corning straight channel module 1 (as premix preheat module), corning "heart" microchannel reaction module 6, corning straight channel module 1 (as quenching module) and heat transfer module 8 , And the continuous flow microchannel reaction system is composed according to the reaction flow shown in Fig. The reaction heat transfer medium is made of heat transfer oil. According to the principle of forced heat transfer of microchannel reactor, only two temperature measurement points are set in the inlet and outlet of the reactor. Before the reaction, the microchannel reaction system and the connecting pipeline were treated by dewatering and degreasing respectively. The system and the connecting line were passivated with 5molpercent fluorine and nitrogen gas mixture to carry out the airtightness check of 1.0MPa. The uracil solution (i.e., a mixture of uracil and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of uracil 7percent) was continuously added to the microchannel reaction system by the 1-liquid chestnut (Fig. 3). With the gas mass flow meter of Fig. 3, A 20 molpercent fluorine-nitrogen mixed gas was continuously added to the microchannel reaction system.Set the heat exchanger temperature 0 ° C, ie the reaction temperature. Set the reaction pressure 0. IMPa. The molar ratio of fluorine gas to uracil was 1.2: 1, and the molar ratio of fluorine gas to uracil was 1.2: 1. The reaction mixture was heated into the "heart-shaped" microchannel reaction module 4 by the microchannel pre-heating module 3 and the fluorine-nitrogen mixed gas was directly introduced into the "heart-shaped" microchannel reaction module 4 through the gas mass flow meter. Heart-shaped "microchannel reaction module 4-9, the fluorine-nitrogen mixture reacts with uracil. The crude reaction product is separated by a gas-liquid separator after quenching the module 10 and then treated by a system and dried to obtain a 5-fluorouracil product. The reaction product was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the purity of 5-fluorouracil reached 98.6percent and the product yield was 86.7percent. The same Corning microchannel reactor was used as in Example 1, and the same connection method and control method were used. This example changes the reaction conditions.Set the heat exchanger temperature 20 ° C, ie the reaction temperature. Set the reaction pressure 0.15MPa. The reaction material 2 is a cytosine solution, that is, a mixture of cytosine and hexafluoroisopropanol, the mass concentration of uracil is 3percent and the feed rate is 80 g / min. The raw material 1 is 20 molpercent of the fluorine-nitrogen mixed gas, and the feed rate is 2.90 L / min. The molar ratio of fluorine to cytosine was 1.2: 1. The raw material 2 cytosine solution was pre-heated by the microchannel preheating module 3 into the "heart-shaped" microchannel reaction module 4. The fluorine-nitrogen mixed gas was directly introduced into the microchannel reaction module 4 through the gas mass flow meter, In the channel reaction module 4-9, the fluorine-nitrogen mixture reacts with cytosine. The crude reaction product is separated by a gas-liquid separator after quenching the module 10 and then treated by a system and dried to obtain a 5-fluorocytosine product. The reaction product was analyzed by liquid chromatography, and the purity of 5-fluorocytosine was 99.3percent and the product yield was 87.4percent.
63% for 1.5 h; Flow reactor; Autoclave 1.0 M cytosine solution in formic acid was introduced at 4.0 mL/h (4.0 mmol/h) while fluorine (10 percent in N2) was introduced at 20 mL/min (5 mmol/h). The reaction was conducted for 90 minutes, the collected fraction was evaporated and the residue was recrystallized from water (7 mL). After filtration, the product was dried under reduced pressure to afford 5-fluorocytosine (0.49 g, 63 percent yield) as a tan powder. M.p.: 295 - 300 °C (decomposes), ([M]+ 129.0337, [M]+ requires: 129.0338); IR (cm"1): 3384, 3092, 2724, 1665, 1624, 1551, 1454, 1216; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, D2O+DCI) 7.83 (1 H, d, 3JHF 4.8 Hz); 19F NMR (400 MHz, D2O+DCI) -169.7 (1 F, d, 3JHF 4.8 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, D2O+DCI): 130.67 (d, 2JCF 29.6 Hz), 135.25 (d, 1JCF 232 Hz), 147.88, 153.65 (d, 2JCF 23.4 Hz); MS (ASAP): 11 1 (37 percent, [M+H-F]+), 129 (8 percent, [M]+), 130 (100 percent, [M+H]+).
Reference: [1] Patent: CN104326990, 2016, B, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0042-0043
[2] Patent: CN106432099, 2017, A, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0028-0031; 0047-0051
[3] Patent: WO2016/30662, 2016, A1, . Location in patent: Paragraph 00251
[4] Patent: CN107089952, 2017, A, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0036; 0037; 0038; 0039; 0040; 0041; 0042; 0043
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YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
66% for 1.5 h; Flow reactor; Sealed tube General procedure: 1.0 M cytosine solution in formic acid was introduced at 4.0 mL/h (4.0 mmol/h) while fluorine (10 percent in N2) was introduced at 20 mL/min (5 mmol/h). The reaction was conducted for 90 minutes, the collected fraction was evaporated and the residue was recrystallized from water (7 mL). After filtration, the product was dried under reduced pressure to afford 5-fluorocytosine (0.49 g, 63 percent yield) as a tan powder. M.p.: 295 - 300 °C (decomposes), ([M]+ 129.0337, [M]+ requires: 129.0338); IR (cm"1): 3384, 3092, 2724, 1665, 1624, 1551, 1454, 1216; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, D2O+DCI) 7.83 (1 H, d, 3JHF 4.8 Hz); 19F NMR (400 MHz, D2O+DCI) -169.7 (1 F, d, 3JHF 4.8 Hz); 13C NMR (100 MHz, D2O+DCI): 130.67 (d, 2JCF 29.6 Hz), 135.25 (d, 1JCF 232 Hz), 147.88, 153.65 (d, 2JCF 23.4 Hz); MS (ASAP): 11 1 (37 percent, [M+H-F]+), 129 (8 percent, [M]+), 130 (100 percent, [M+H]+).
Reference: [1] Patent: WO2016/30662, 2016, A1, . Location in patent: Paragraph 00251; 00273
[2] Organic Process Research and Development, 2017, vol. 21, # 2, p. 273 - 276
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  • [ 2022-85-7 ]
Reference: [1] Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1984, vol. 24, p. 355 - 362
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YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
95.6% With N-Bromosuccinimide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15℃; for 1 h; Sonication The cytosine (55.6g, 0.5mol), N-bromosuccinimide (106.8g, 0 . 6mol) and DMF150mL in added in the reaction bottle, cooling to 15 °C ultrasonic reaction 1h, TLC raw material the reaction is complete, filtering, the filter cake is washed with water (20 ml × 2) washing, drying to obtain 5-bromocytosine (90.9g, 95.6percent).
Reference: [1] Patent: CN103819412, 2016, B, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0023-0025; 0031-0032; 0037; 0038
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[3] Tetrahedron Letters, 1992, vol. 33, # 50, p. 7779 - 7782
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[5] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1989, vol. 62, # 11, p. 3750 - 3751
[6] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1982, vol. 47, # 6, p. 1018 - 1023
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  • [ 1122-44-7 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
99% With N-iodo-succinimide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 12.5 h; Sonographic reaction; Inert atmosphere DMF (50 mL) is added to a mixture of cytosine (8.333 g, 75 mmol) with N-iodosuccinimide (18.562 g, 82.5 mmol) under Ar. The vessel is covered in foil and ultrasonicated for 30 min to disrupt the solid mass at the bottom of the vessel. The mixture is then stirred for an additional 12 h, the still heterogeneous reaction mixture is added to water (150 mL). The insoluble material is collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over P2O5 to give the iodinated heterocycle is a pale tan solid (17.703 g, 99percent). The material is used without further purification.
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[10] Structural Chemistry, 2010, vol. 21, # 1, p. 245 - 254
[11] Molecules, 2017, vol. 22, # 12,
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[12] Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2002, vol. 10, # 8, p. 2671 - 2680
[13] Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2007, vol. 322, # 3, p. 1023 - 1035
[14] Journal of Chemical Research, 2007, # 5, p. 281 - 283
[15] Patent: WO2010/82128, 2010, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 18
[16] Patent: US2011/282046, 2011, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 8
[17] Croatica Chemica Acta, 2017, vol. 90, # 4, p. 625 - 636
  • 24
  • [ 3650-93-9 ]
  • [ 23945-44-0 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
Reference: [1] Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1996, vol. 9, # 4, p. 745 - 750
  • 25
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 98-88-4 ]
  • [ 26661-13-2 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
40 kg With dmap; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 5 - 45℃; for 3 h; Inert atmosphere; Large scale Reactor after the replacement of nitrogen, adding 100L acetonitrile, 22 kg (196mol) no water cytosine, 25gDMAP, 24 kg triethylamine, in 5-8 °C lower, slowly dropping 34 kg benzoyl chloride, after dripping, natural to room temperature, in the 25 °C stirring for one hour, then slowly heated to 40-45 °C insulation two hours, then cooling down to room temperature, filter press, the filtrate collected after acetonitrile 60L recycling, the filter cake with water and ethanol washing, drying to obtain the kind of white solid 40 kg, liquid phase content is 99.2percent.
Reference: [1] Patent: US2011/245458, 2011, A1,
[2] Chemical Communications, 2017, vol. 53, # 64, p. 8952 - 8955
[3] Heterocyclic Communications, 2007, vol. 13, # 4, p. 251 - 256
[4] Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, vol. 44, # 3, p. 358 - 361
[5] Journal of the Chemical Society, 1956, p. 2388,2392[6] Journal of the Chemical Society, 1958, p. 3028,3032
[7] Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 1983, vol. 19, # 5, p. 580 - 582[8] Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 1983, # 5, p. 617 - 619
[9] Patent: US6075143, 2000, A,
[10] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2011, vol. 17, # 51, p. 14508 - 14517
[11] Patent: CN105541728, 2016, A, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0023; 0024
  • 26
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 93-97-0 ]
  • [ 26661-13-2 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
41 kg With dmap; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 5 - 50℃; for 3 h; Inert atmosphere; Large scale Reactor after the replacement of nitrogen, adding 200L acetonitrile, 22 kg (196mol) no water cytosine, 50gDMAP, 28 kg triethylamine, in 5-10 °C lower, slowly dropping 96 kg (benzoic anhydride solution: 50 wt percent) acetonitrile solution of benzoic anhydride, after dripping, natural to room temperature, in the 25 °C stirring for one hour, then slowly heated to 45-50 °C thermal insulation 2 hours, then reduced to room temperature, filter press, the filtrate collected after acetonitrile 132L recycling, the filter cake is washed with water and ethanol, dried to obtain a white solid 41 kg, liquid phase content of 99.14percent.
Reference: [1] Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1989, vol. 54, # 8, p. 2190 - 2210
[2] Patent: CN105541728, 2016, A, . Location in patent: Paragraph 0027; 0028
  • 27
  • [ 123413-57-0 ]
  • [ 26661-13-2 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
Reference: [1] Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1989, vol. 37, # 9, p. 2547 - 2549
  • 28
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 156-81-0 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 108-53-2 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 56-06-4 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
1.6 mg With copper(II) choride dihydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
  • 29
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 1455-77-2 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 849585-22-4 ]
  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 120-73-0 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 56-06-4 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
  • [ 18588-61-9 ]
Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
  • 30
  • [ 107-20-0 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 55662-66-3 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
53% at 70℃; for 16 h; lmidazo[1 ,2-c]pyrimidin-5-one (13). To a stirred solution of cytosine 1 (500 mg, 4.50 mmol) in DMF (10 ml_) was added chloroacetaldehyde 2 (50percent in H20) (0.686 ml_, 5.40 mmol) and the solution was stirred at 70°C for 16 h. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure and residue was washed with ethanol and ether to yield compound 13 as a light brown powder (320 mg, 53percent): f?f=0.47 (EtOAc/MeOH 4:1 ); mp: 281 -282 °C; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, [D6]DMSO): 5=6.62 (d, 1 H, 3J=7.6 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1 H, 3J=7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1 H, 3J=1 .2 Hz), 7.80 (d, 1 H, 3J=1 .2 Hz), 1 1 .60 ppm (bs, 1 H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, [D6]DMSO): 5=97.7, 1 12.2, 129.4, 132.3, 145.9, 146.4 ppm; IR (KBr): v=3451 , 3121 , 3096, 1718, 1630, 1547, 1290, 1252, 1 1 1 1 cm-1 ; MS (ESI) m/z 135.8 [M+H]+
Reference: [1] Tetrahedron, 2014, vol. 71, # 1, p. 27 - 36
[2] Patent: WO2017/20944, 2017, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 16-17
  • 31
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 56860-78-7 ]
  • [ 55662-66-3 ]
Reference: [1] Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1980, vol. 28, # 3, p. 932 - 938
  • 32
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 19263-02-6 ]
  • [ 55662-66-3 ]
Reference: [1] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1984, vol. 49, # 21, p. 4021 - 4025
  • 33
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 3018-12-0 ]
  • [ 506-77-4 ]
Reference: [1] Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, vol. 34, # 9, p. 1721 - 1728
  • 34
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 156-81-0 ]
  • [ 849585-22-4 ]
  • [ 617-48-1 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 108-53-2 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
  • [ 18514-52-8 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
0.18 mg With ferric sulfate nonahydrate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
  • 35
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 156-81-0 ]
  • [ 849585-22-4 ]
  • [ 617-48-1 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 108-53-2 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
YieldReaction ConditionsOperation in experiment
0.12 mg With magnesium sulfate In water at 80℃; for 24 h; General procedure: To model the chemical environment on the outer side of thetubular structures, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with thesodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of preformedMSH [ZnCl2, FeCl2·4H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O,and MgSO4] (2.0percent w/w) at 80 °C for 24 h. In two selectedcases [FeCl2 and Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O], NH2CHO (200 μL) wasmixed with the sodium silicate solution (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected growing MSH (starting from 2.0percent w/w ofthe corresponding salt’s pellet) at 80 °C for 24 h. For the innerenvironment, NH2CHO (200 μL) was mixed with distilledwater (2.0 mL) in the presence of selected MSH (2.0percent w/w) at80 °C for 24 h. The reaction of NH2CHO (10percent v/v) with thesodium silicate solution (pH 12) without MSH membranes wasalso analyzed under similar experimental conditions. Theproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography associatedwith mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after treatment with N,Nbis-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide in pyridine (620 μL) at 60°C for 4 h in the presence of betulinol (CAS Registry Number473-98-3) as the internal standard (0.2 mg). Mass spectrometrywas performed by the following program: injection temperature280 °C, detector temperature 280 °C, gradient 100 °C for 2min, and 10 °C/min for 60 min. To identify the structure of theproducts, two strategies were followed. First, the spectra werecompared with commercially available electron mass spectrumlibraries such as NIST (Fison, Manchester, U.K.). Second, GCMSanalysis was repeated with standard compounds. Allproducts have been recognized with a similarity index (SI)greater than 98percent compared to that of the reference standards.The analysis was limited to products of ≥1 ng/mL, and theyield was calculated as micrograms of product per startingformamide. For further experimental details, see the SupportingInformation.
Reference: [1] Biochemistry, 2016, vol. 55, # 19, p. 2806 - 2811
  • 36
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 1455-77-2 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 849585-22-4 ]
  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 120-73-0 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 56-06-4 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
  • [ 18588-61-9 ]
Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
  • 37
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 849585-22-4 ]
  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 18588-61-9 ]
  • [ 18514-52-8 ]
Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
  • 38
  • [ 77287-34-4 ]
  • [ 51953-18-5 ]
  • [ 1455-77-2 ]
  • [ 120-89-8 ]
  • [ 73-40-5 ]
  • [ 328-42-7 ]
  • [ 2491-15-8 ]
  • [ 110-15-6 ]
  • [ 71-30-7 ]
  • [ 120-73-0 ]
  • [ 144-62-7 ]
  • [ 113-00-8 ]
  • [ 127-17-3 ]
  • [ 66-22-8 ]
  • [ 66224-66-6 ]
  • [ 57-13-6 ]
  • [ 56-40-6 ]
  • [ 302-72-7 ]
Reference: [1] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018, vol. 24, # 32, p. 8126 - 8132
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